Grant Application for Indigenous Prisoners-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Health Problems and Social Determinants influencing the Population. Answer: Populace and medical problems The native or indigenous populace of Australia are the countrys local populace. The wellbeing states of the native individuals of the nation are in much more terrible state than the non-local individuals and this postures as an issue for the general national wellbeing principles of Australia. The western colonization in Australia has extraordinarily influenced the wellbeing of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (ATSI) ladies. The drastically changed financial condition and a move in the ecological perspectives have been the key explanations behind the strength of the aboriginals to become crumbled (Shepherd Phillips, 2016). Among the native ladies, the ones who are as of now in jail have much increasingly unfortunate wellbeing conditions. The strength of the detained native ladies is the more terrible among all the racial and ethnic gatherings of the nation. 34 percent of the all out imprisoned populace of the nation is comprised of Australian native ladies. The pace of impris onment across Australia has expanded essentially with the exception of South Australia. The quantity of detainees in the Australian penitentiaries rose by 69 percent in 2016 when contrasted with the quantity of 2015. The local populace of Australia compensates for 2.5 percent of Australias all out populace. The greater part of them live in the Northern Territory and new South grains, as indicated by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) (Shepherd et al., 2017). As indicated by the Department of Health (DoH), the all out detained aboriginals establish 27 percent of the absolute number of detainees in Australia. There is an obvious variety in the rate development in the quantity of female detainees to be imprisoned in the course of the most recent decade when contrasted with the level of the guys for the equivalent. The female detainment rate grew a surprising 42 percent when contrasted with a 24 percent for the guys. Australian native females are the quickest developing populace in the nation. Native females are likewise the most detained populace in the nation with 404 indigenous females to be detained per 100,000 grown-up detainees in Australia. 90 percent of the imprisoned ladies in the Northern Territory are indigenous. The most extreme medical problem among the detained native ladies is presentation to explicitly transmitted contaminations, as the greater part of them are inclined to being explicitly dynamic with no assurance because of the limitations and constrainment of jails. Indigenous detained ladies have announced high quantities of STIs while being confined (Shepherd et al., 2016). The level of native ladies with STIs rose drastically when a time of arraignment. Physical and sexual maltreatment is another serious issue that is looked by the native female detainees. Wild exercises inside the jail is a significant purpose behind the detained females to have blood related sicknesses. Unprotected piercings, getting tattoos, intravenous medication use are for the most part essential drivers for a high number of native female detainees to have unforeseen weakness. In late examinations, emotional well-being of these female native detainees has become a significant issue that should be tended to at the earliest opportunity. Nervousness, sadness, schizophrenia and character issue are just probably the most serious emotional wellness issues that are looked by these ladies. The quantity of native female detainees with psychological wellness issues is altogether higher than the male prisoners with emotional well-being issues (Black et al., 2015). PTSD is another significant thing to influence the ladies detainees of indigenous starting point, which frequently lead them towards substance misuse. Very nearly 60 percent of the detained native females are experiencing psychological wellness issues who additionally are prey to substance misuse. Undertaking depiction Such poor physical and emotional well-being issues among the native detained females in Australia are across the board and this is a major issue that should be tended to as quickly as time permits, in any case the nation can't want to keep up a general strength of its residents. Supportable comprehensive advancement will likewise not be accomplished if this proceeds. Henceforth, there is a desperate need to change the state of the female native ladies in jail with psychological well-being issues. It should be comprehended that even the detainees are people and for whatever length of time that they live, they reserve the privilege to live in charge of their own body and brain (Simpson et al., 2017). it is important to accommodate the psychological wellness of the prisoners and the females are to be given more concentration as their lives are consistently in more peril and inclined to ambushes than that of the men (Shepherd Phillips, 2016). No racial or ethnic victimization the native ladies ought to be endured or empowered in light of the fact that each individual in the nation are pronounced to be equivalent in the countrys constitution and it is a criminal offense to hold racial philosophies inside the Commonwealth. The indigenous individuals of Torres waterway have just experienced enough colonization, constrained expulsion from their own territories, digestion, isolation and bigotry. It is the obligation of the Commonwealth to furnish them with the fundamental human rights and give them the psychological security they merit, regardless of whether they are in jail. It must be considered that the laws of the nation are still not so much for the aboriginals and they face gigantic separation in legitimate grounds even at this point. The Torres Strait individuals have consistently seen life from an all encompassing point, where social, enthusiastic and social prosperity are given the same amount of need and significance as physical wellbeing (Baldry Cunneen, 2014). The way that colonization has hindered in the social and public activities of the aboriginals is the significant explanation that ages of the indigenous populace have been plunged towards social melancholy and tension has creeped in. The term remedial home may appear to be a joke as the vast majority of the native ladies who are as of now in jail have records of past detainments. Clearly the amending techniques are not working and should be corrected at the earliest opportunity, if the soundness of the ladies are to be improved. In view of these, an arrangement has been concocted that intends to improve the psychological well-being states of the Australian native ladies in jail. A gathering of clinicians have been accumulated who will lead interviews with the native female detainees. These meetings would be giving the analysts thoughts regarding what do these prisoners see as their most overwhelming issues. The specialists would likewise comprehend what are the patterns among these ladies. Explicit circumstances with respect to what are the triggers to set the ladies off and plunge them down a way of dysfunctional behavior would likewise be revealed insight upon (Bradley et al., 2015). The task has been made to be of subjective spellbinding nature that would be investigating the different attributes of the native ladies in Australian penitentiaries and would be increasingly disposed towards giving a hypothetical point of view into the issue, instead of basically giving factual information and numerical estim ations of the circumstance. Rather, this exploration is shaped to be substantially more private and would be explicitly underlining the realities about what are the main drivers of the psychological issues looked by these females. Targets The examination that has been structured in this task would give genuinely necessary knowledge about the wellbeing states of the local ladies in Australian detainment facilities. Contemporary and as of now existing information and explores exclusively center upon the patterns and what are the most alarming issues that are looked by these ladies. Be that as it may, almost no has been done to comprehend the foundations and mental issues that compel them into misery and other intellectually disturbing conditions just as inciting them to maltreatment on substances (Sodhi?Berry et al., 2014). The targets of the examination have been set in agreement to the underlying thoughts regarding the common issues. These are: To discover what are the issues that are looked by the native females in Australian jails To direct broad reviews to have top to bottom information about the issues Take interviews with these prisoners to comprehend what are the issues and to examine what are the underlying drivers of these issues and how may they be activated To make sense of the plausible answers for these issues Spending gauge: An absolute financial plan of $2.500 has been assigned for the examination work. Reason Apportioned Budget ($) Concerned writing and related books regarding the matter 1,000 Transport for the analysts 500 Fixed 500 Instruments and hardware 5000 The spending plan of the examination has been checked on and endorsed by the council that is ignoring the whole undertaking and some universal and nearby intentional gatherings have additionally guaranteed additional assets if the advancement of the task goes as indicated by the underlying plans. That way, a deficiency of assets can be precluded and this would be profoundly valuable for the exploration. As the exploration pushes forward, further necessities and perspectives would be seen and more assets will be mentioned varying. Course of events gauge: Principle action first week second week third and fourth weeks fifth and sixth weeks seventh and eighth weeks Recognize the focused on populace of the native female detainees in Australia Execution the viable techniques according to the perceived exploration subjects Screen the actualized technique Changes whenever required Conclude the arrangement and technique The goals of the venture have been set in a manner that would be reasonable, with the goal that they can be accomplished in actuality and don't simply remain matters composed on the pape

Meeting the patient’s spiritual needs Free Essays

Rebecca Brown is a multi year old mother with a gynecological malignancy and right now experiencing treatment for a year at this point. Be that as it may, her ailment isn't improving and making caution her doctors and family. She is presently toward the finish of-life care by attendants and specialists in an emergency clinic. We will compose a custom article test on Meeting the patient’s otherworldly needs or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now In tending to her extraordinary needs, the medical clinic put Rebecca under Hospice Care. Hospice care treats the individual as opposed to the ailment; it features quality instead of length of life. It gives family-focused consideration including the patient and family in deciding. (ACS, 2007,  ¶2). It is a way of thinking that empowers patients to go through their outstanding days with nobility encompassed by their friends and family. Hospice treatment makes a domain where the patient is tuned in to and that the individuals around him are prepared to share his interests. One of the components of this inventive drug is otherworldly consideration. Proof shows that patient confronting genuine ailment would move consideration from biomedical to profound hotspots for answer and solace. At this stage, they would pose profound inquiries and mirror the importance of life. Passing on patients by and large voiced out their dread of uncontrolled torment, worry of being a monetary weight to the family, uneasiness of what occurs after death, and stress of not having the option to fix some incomplete business. Understanding every one of these necessities, emergency clinics are currently coordinating profound consideration administrations for early intercession. Profound Care Profound Care attempts to answer a patient’s journey for the significance and motivation behind life, his sentiments of confinement, and his interconnectedness with himself, to other people and to God. It satisfies explicit necessities of the patient to invigorate him when confronting passing and vulnerabilities. In meeting the otherworldly needs of Mrs. Earthy colored, we have given her sympathy by being mindful to her feelings of dread, expectations, torment, and dreams. We regarded her all in all individual including her physical, passionate, social, and otherworldly measurements. Giving otherworldly consideration can support Mrs. Earthy colored adapt up to her failures and feel near God giving her positive thinking. With this help, Mrs. Earthy colored can bode well out of her ailment, recognize that demise is close, and keep up an inspirational viewpoint. All the more frequently we award her desire for a cleric who is promptly accessible to help in advising and responding to otherworldly inquiries. We keep up our reliability and generosity with Mrs. Earthy colored simultaneously give her motivations by helping her comprehend living. We have improved our insight with the Catholic confidence to grasp her otherworldly needs. Accordingly, we have allowed Mrs. Earthy colored to visit the house of prayer inside the emergency clinic at whatever point she needs to, let her companions and friends and family implore with her inside her room, and go to Sunday masses where she can get fellowship. Also, she peruses the Bible before resting around evening time; keep in touch with her otherworldly diary, and on occasion demand for strict motion pictures. We keep on thinking about her despite the fact that there is not any more corrective treatment accessible. Profound Assessment Profound appraisal is fundamental so clinical staff may comprehend the strict acts of patients and have the option to regard their convictions and not force their own religion. Along these lines, doctors can detail appropriate methodologies to upgrade positive reaction from the patients during determination and treatment. In surveying Mrs. Earthy colored, we basically solicited her an arrangement from open-finished inquiries identifying with her Catholic confidence and the practices or ceremonies that are essential to her. Our casual meeting would spin around the subjects like passing and existence in the wake of death, her supplication life (what does she petition God for), does her confidence give her expectation, does she feel relinquished by God, does she discover comfort in her conviction in the midst of her ailment, the should be excused, was she an individual from strict association inside the network, what gives significance and reason to her life, and her own convictions. The data we assembled helped us decide the sort of profound consideration administration we would give her. Results and Benefits. In its 1996 gathering, 90% of the American Academy of Family Physicians proclaimed that the profound convictions of patients are useful in their clinical treatment. A few investigations and studies have just demonstrated the numerous advantages of otherworldliness in mending. The National Institute for Healthcare Research detailed that the individuals who consistently go to strict exercises live more. As per the 1998 Research in Spirituality and Health Coping, supplication is the main non-sedate technique in overseeing torment. These discoveries would now be able to be found in Mrs. Brown’s case. Subsequent to giving her otherworldly consideration, Mrs. Earthy colored gave indications of diminished uneasiness, sadness, and misery. She doesn't feel desolate any longer as she is continually encircled by her family and caring medical attendants. She balanced well to catch up treatment of her malignancy and has now the certainty of appreciating life. Likewise, she some way or another improved her state of being showing elevated levels of dignity and less stresses over her wellbeing. She likewise exhibited more grounded methods for dealing with stress and individual qualities giving her personal satisfaction that she presently appreciates. Subsequent to experiencing a wide range of guiding, Mrs. Earthy colored is presently fit for excusing and be pardoned. This inclination, she stated, settled all her blame and reestablished her great associations with those she had contradictions previously. On account of her confidence, Mrs. Earthy colored is currently prepared to confront her last day and is a lot of arranged to the vulnerabilities she may experience. She has just acknowledged her destiny any place it might lead her to. Her seven kids and adoring spouse are moreover arranged for the occasion that they may not see her once more. Her affection developed more grounded each spending day and felt the nearness of God in her bedside. In spite of in the most exceedingly awful circumstance, she likes herself. Reference (ACS) American Cancer Society, Inc. (2007). What Is Hospice Care? Settling on Treatment Decisions. Recovered January 28, 2007, from http://www.cancer.org/docroot/ETO/content/ETO_2_5X_What_Is_Hospice_Care.asp?sitearea=ETO Gilbert, R. B. (2001). Human services Spirituality: Listening, Assessing, Caring (Death, Value and Meaning). Baywood Publishing Company, New York. ISBN-10: 0895032503 College of Virginia. (2006). The Benefits of Spiritual Care Provided by Professional Chaplains. Wellbeing System. Chaplaincy Services and Pastoral Education. Recovered January 28, 2007, from http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/web/chaplaincy/whitepapersection4.pdf     The most effective method to refer to Meeting the patient’s profound necessities, Essay models

How to Implement a Growth Hack

How to Implement a Growth Hack Growth if you’re working in tech, you would have at least heard of the term, but understanding why, when and how to implement a successful growth hack is a whole different kettle of fish. Interview with Michael Kranner, MeisterLabs Growth Marketer At MeisterLabs we recently started a new round of growth experiments. To find out more about the ins and outs of growth, and understand how to undertake your own experiments and then evaluate what works, we sat down with our very own growth guy, Michael Kranner, to talk us through how he’s implementing experiments . So, growth hacking â€" what’s it all about? In one sentence, growth hacking, also known as growth engineering, growth marketing or just growth â€" as the name suggests â€" is about growing your business, company or start-up.  This could be in terms of your monthly active users, monthly recurring revenue (MRR), or whatever metric you decide you want to focus growth on. Like most SaaS companies, at MeisterLabs we focus on monthly recurring revenue. Whatsapp for example used to focus on the number of messages sent daily and Airbnb would monitor the number of nights booked. Once you have a product-market-fit, i.e. when your product works for at least a certain niche of the market, you know it’s time to start thinking about growth. Sounds good. So for a tech company looking into growth, where would you start? At MeisterLabs our growth team is the link between product development and marketing. For us, like lots of tech start-ups and companies, growth is about two main points: Firstly, making your user experience as great as possible. Once you’ve nurtured your product into something you love, of course you want your users to love it too. In fact, you want your users to come back every day to use it. This is a golden rule of growth marketing â€" retention. We want to offer an experience that our users enjoy coming back to. If they come back that means we’re offering a solution to a problem they have. If our product value is high enough, our users will start referring friends, colleagues, etc. A happy customer is a good customer. Secondly, analyzing user behaviour. We might have a hunch about why X is happening. We then dig into our analytics tool to look at user behaviour and patterns. Once we find data that confirms our hunch, we take a look at our product and see how we can improve it.   We’ll come up with a potential solution, and then we go out and test that growth hack. We draft an experiment, A/B test it for a relevant length of time (this could be a number of days or weeks), then evaluate the outcome. Hopefully, our assumption was proven correct and the growth hack is a success. We then implement the changes for all users, improving their experience with our product. However, often our assumptions can be completely wrong. In this case, we a) try to first figure out if our experiment design was crappy and then b) run a follow-on experiment. In either scenario, we would’ve learned something. Take us through how you’d implement a growth hack. We run a lot of experiments and these often involve every department of the MeisterLabs team: product development, marketing, design. Our MeisterTask growth hack project board is where we keep everything centrally organized. User onboarding, for example, is a key issue we look at in growth. You’ve gone to all that effort to get users signed up but then see the majority of users are gone again after a couple of days, never to be seen again. You need to create a positive first impression for users, orientating them to the tool quickly. If you’re struggling to keep users for longer than a couple of days, it might be that there’s something missing. Is the setting up process too complicated, perhaps too long or does it fail to focus on the most valuable features? We have five steps for working through an issue like this: The growth team will evaluate the current process, come up with a growth hack to fix it, design the experiment and establish what we’re testing for The design team will then take it over, make the new or amended process look pretty and most importantly, user-friendly Engineering will then implement these changes and run the experiment It then comes back round to the growth team as we evaluate the outcome and decide whether to implement the changes permanently If we decide to implement permanently, the changes need to be sent on to the marketing team to edit training materials and promote. That’s a lot of stages and people to manage. How do you keep things moving? Well, yes. That 5 step process means that one experiment can move around four different company departments before being completed. To keep everyone on the same page and keep the projects in motion, we have one central “Growth Experiments” project board in MeisterTask. We share this with all relevant team members. This allows us to work across different departments with limited hiccups, because at every stage the experiment task is assigned to one specific person. Once each stage is completed, such as the engineering implementation stage, the task is re-assigned to a colleague in the next team. In this example, the task would return to someone in the growth team. This process continues until the growth hack is completed. Other team members can “watch” the task’s progression, keeping everyone in the loop with how the experiment is developing. What’s more, the fact that one person is responsible for the task at every given stage means there’s accountability, ensuring that the experiment will get seen through. Whats covered on your Growth Experiment project board and how can readers replicate it? We have an experiment backlog in the form of a Google sheet where we store all of our experiments. From there, experiments get automatically synced to our MeisterTask “Growth Experiments” project board, using the Zapier integration. Our Growth Experiments project board consists of 6 sections: Backlog (Open) â€" experiments we have in the pipeline Backlog (Postponed) â€" experiments which were in the pipeline but weve either decided against or cant proceed with at this point, but may return to In Progress â€" an experiment we’re currently setting up and ready to launch Running â€" as the name suggests, an experiment which is already running Evaluating â€" experiments which have been running and now need analyzing Done and Live â€" experiments which have been found to be successful, so have been implemented permanently by the developers As experiments develop we move the tasks between the sections and all team members “watching” the experiment are notified about the move. Equally, when a new experiment is added to the backlog, Slack sends an automated message to our Slack growth channel via the integration, letting the rest of the team know. Of course what you’re testing for and how you’re testing for it will vary depending on what your data has been telling you. Once you’ve established what you’d like to test, in line with your product and goals, try applying our formula. First, set up a growth hack project board in MeisterTask. Invite the appropriate team members from across the growth, development, design and marketing teams, replicate the sections we’ve included and then go through the five steps. Whats your  one parting tip for readers embarking on their voyage of growth discovery? I would say always try to be analytical in your decisions. The aim is to develop a great product which your users love using as much as you do, but your growth strategy can’t be based on personal biases and hunches alone. Be data-driven and keep your experiments in check to truly evaluate experiment progression. That way you know and are honest about what’s actually not working and what’s helping you to grow. Some of your assumptions will be false and those experiments will inevitably fail but that’s all part of the process. In any case, your growth team will have learned something. Ship Your Growth Hacks So there’s some insight from Michael Kranner, MeisterLabs’ growth marketer, on how we’re implementing growth experiments here at MeisterLabs, and how you can too, using a MeisterTask project board. As always, share your questions in the comments below and let us know how you get on! If you enjoyed this article you might also like  A beginner’s guide to growth hacking  from MindMeister lead developer Laura Bârladeanu Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit A beginners guide to growth hackings guide to growth hacking on MindMeister.

How to Implement a Growth Hack

How to Implement a Growth Hack Growth if you’re working in tech, you would have at least heard of the term, but understanding why, when and how to implement a successful growth hack is a whole different kettle of fish. Interview with Michael Kranner, MeisterLabs Growth Marketer At MeisterLabs we recently started a new round of growth experiments. To find out more about the ins and outs of growth, and understand how to undertake your own experiments and then evaluate what works, we sat down with our very own growth guy, Michael Kranner, to talk us through how he’s implementing experiments . So, growth hacking â€" what’s it all about? In one sentence, growth hacking, also known as growth engineering, growth marketing or just growth â€" as the name suggests â€" is about growing your business, company or start-up.  This could be in terms of your monthly active users, monthly recurring revenue (MRR), or whatever metric you decide you want to focus growth on. Like most SaaS companies, at MeisterLabs we focus on monthly recurring revenue. Whatsapp for example used to focus on the number of messages sent daily and Airbnb would monitor the number of nights booked. Once you have a product-market-fit, i.e. when your product works for at least a certain niche of the market, you know it’s time to start thinking about growth. Sounds good. So for a tech company looking into growth, where would you start? At MeisterLabs our growth team is the link between product development and marketing. For us, like lots of tech start-ups and companies, growth is about two main points: Firstly, making your user experience as great as possible. Once you’ve nurtured your product into something you love, of course you want your users to love it too. In fact, you want your users to come back every day to use it. This is a golden rule of growth marketing â€" retention. We want to offer an experience that our users enjoy coming back to. If they come back that means we’re offering a solution to a problem they have. If our product value is high enough, our users will start referring friends, colleagues, etc. A happy customer is a good customer. Secondly, analyzing user behaviour. We might have a hunch about why X is happening. We then dig into our analytics tool to look at user behaviour and patterns. Once we find data that confirms our hunch, we take a look at our product and see how we can improve it.   We’ll come up with a potential solution, and then we go out and test that growth hack. We draft an experiment, A/B test it for a relevant length of time (this could be a number of days or weeks), then evaluate the outcome. Hopefully, our assumption was proven correct and the growth hack is a success. We then implement the changes for all users, improving their experience with our product. However, often our assumptions can be completely wrong. In this case, we a) try to first figure out if our experiment design was crappy and then b) run a follow-on experiment. In either scenario, we would’ve learned something. Take us through how you’d implement a growth hack. We run a lot of experiments and these often involve every department of the MeisterLabs team: product development, marketing, design. Our MeisterTask growth hack project board is where we keep everything centrally organized. User onboarding, for example, is a key issue we look at in growth. You’ve gone to all that effort to get users signed up but then see the majority of users are gone again after a couple of days, never to be seen again. You need to create a positive first impression for users, orientating them to the tool quickly. If you’re struggling to keep users for longer than a couple of days, it might be that there’s something missing. Is the setting up process too complicated, perhaps too long or does it fail to focus on the most valuable features? We have five steps for working through an issue like this: The growth team will evaluate the current process, come up with a growth hack to fix it, design the experiment and establish what we’re testing for The design team will then take it over, make the new or amended process look pretty and most importantly, user-friendly Engineering will then implement these changes and run the experiment It then comes back round to the growth team as we evaluate the outcome and decide whether to implement the changes permanently If we decide to implement permanently, the changes need to be sent on to the marketing team to edit training materials and promote. That’s a lot of stages and people to manage. How do you keep things moving? Well, yes. That 5 step process means that one experiment can move around four different company departments before being completed. To keep everyone on the same page and keep the projects in motion, we have one central “Growth Experiments” project board in MeisterTask. We share this with all relevant team members. This allows us to work across different departments with limited hiccups, because at every stage the experiment task is assigned to one specific person. Once each stage is completed, such as the engineering implementation stage, the task is re-assigned to a colleague in the next team. In this example, the task would return to someone in the growth team. This process continues until the growth hack is completed. Other team members can “watch” the task’s progression, keeping everyone in the loop with how the experiment is developing. What’s more, the fact that one person is responsible for the task at every given stage means there’s accountability, ensuring that the experiment will get seen through. Whats covered on your Growth Experiment project board and how can readers replicate it? We have an experiment backlog in the form of a Google sheet where we store all of our experiments. From there, experiments get automatically synced to our MeisterTask “Growth Experiments” project board, using the Zapier integration. Our Growth Experiments project board consists of 6 sections: Backlog (Open) â€" experiments we have in the pipeline Backlog (Postponed) â€" experiments which were in the pipeline but weve either decided against or cant proceed with at this point, but may return to In Progress â€" an experiment we’re currently setting up and ready to launch Running â€" as the name suggests, an experiment which is already running Evaluating â€" experiments which have been running and now need analyzing Done and Live â€" experiments which have been found to be successful, so have been implemented permanently by the developers As experiments develop we move the tasks between the sections and all team members “watching” the experiment are notified about the move. Equally, when a new experiment is added to the backlog, Slack sends an automated message to our Slack growth channel via the integration, letting the rest of the team know. Of course what you’re testing for and how you’re testing for it will vary depending on what your data has been telling you. Once you’ve established what you’d like to test, in line with your product and goals, try applying our formula. First, set up a growth hack project board in MeisterTask. Invite the appropriate team members from across the growth, development, design and marketing teams, replicate the sections we’ve included and then go through the five steps. Whats your  one parting tip for readers embarking on their voyage of growth discovery? I would say always try to be analytical in your decisions. The aim is to develop a great product which your users love using as much as you do, but your growth strategy can’t be based on personal biases and hunches alone. Be data-driven and keep your experiments in check to truly evaluate experiment progression. That way you know and are honest about what’s actually not working and what’s helping you to grow. Some of your assumptions will be false and those experiments will inevitably fail but that’s all part of the process. In any case, your growth team will have learned something. Ship Your Growth Hacks So there’s some insight from Michael Kranner, MeisterLabs’ growth marketer, on how we’re implementing growth experiments here at MeisterLabs, and how you can too, using a MeisterTask project board. As always, share your questions in the comments below and let us know how you get on! If you enjoyed this article you might also like  A beginner’s guide to growth hacking  from MindMeister lead developer Laura Bârladeanu Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit A beginners guide to growth hackings guide to growth hacking on MindMeister.

Literary Analysis Of Harrison Bergeron, By Kurt Vonnegut

â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† is a dystopian short story written by Kurt Vonnegut.Jr. in 1961. In the story, Vonnegut writes about a society where the government makes sure that everyone is mentally, physically, and socially equal. In other words, Everyone has equal wealth, equal intelligence, and equal level of attractiveness. Nobody can be smarter, better-looking, stronger, or richer than anybody else. On the surface, this might seem like a perfect place to live - until you start to wonder how the government would actually accomplish this monumental task. The story took place in America in 2081, during a time when the 211th, 212th, and 213th Amendments had been added to the constitution in order to make sure that everyone is equal in each way.†¦show more content†¦In the quote, the uglier the mask, the more beautiful the person is. If the true purpose of the mask is to make people equal and not feel bad, then the mask would have to prevent people from knowing how beautif ul a person is. A main symbol in the story is Harrison Bergeron, son of Hazel and George. He is a fourteen years old boy with highly intelligent. According to the description of Harrison, he is also strong and good looking. Due to his perfectness, he is handicapped to make him â€Å"equal† to other members of the society. The description of Harrison is very symbolic. The narrator states, â€Å"... instead of a little ear radio for a mental handicap, he wore a tremendous pair of earphone†¦ the spectacles were intended to make him not only half blind, but to give him whanging headaches besides†¦ and to offset his good looks, the [government] required that he wear at all times a red rubber ball for a nose, keep his eyebrows shaved off, and cover his even white teeth with black caps at snaggle-tooth random† (Vonnegut 4). The fact that Harrison is handicapped is symbolic because it proves that true equality is impossible to achieve. Having gifted people handicappe d does not make everyone equal. Instead, people with average abilities have the advantage since they do not need to be handicapped. The gifted people are punished. The better a person is, the more punishment the person need to have. Harrison being handicapped shows that the society isShow MoreRelatedHumes Ideas Present In Kurt Vonneguts Harrison Bergeron444 Words   |  2 PagesUpon analysis of Kurt Vonneguts, Harrison Bergeron, evidence suggests that the story imitates the basic structure of the monomyth. However, unlike the sequence and obvious events presented in a monomyth Vonnegut cleverly applies his own unique play on the iconic structure. What is to be noted first is the definition of amonomyth. Joseph Campbell defines the term, monomyth, as the standard cycle of events that occur to which the hero endures during the progression of the story (kfjakhfakjf).Read MoreKurt Vonnegut : A Hybrid Of Science Fiction And Satire1716 Words   |  7 PagesLeanne Arata English 11 Mrs. Wheeler 5/8/2016 Kurt Vonnegut The idea of making a work that does not fit into a single category of work is how Kurt Vonnegut has become such a phenomenon. Kurt Vonnegut has a hybrid writing style which allows him to critique human nature and this is evident in his work. A hybrid writer is someone who makes something by combining two different genres to create something new. Vonnegut’s work is a hybrid of science fiction and satire. Satire is an author’s way of sayingRead MoreEquality And Diversity In Kurt Vonneguts Harrison Bergeron1263 Words   |  6 Pagesentirely on equality? Kurt Vonnegut’s â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† answers that question with a solid no, we should not. Through his comical and sarcastic tone, many forms of irony, and absurd hyperboles, Vonnegut supports his work as a satire that both critically analyses and mocks the idea of total equality; Overall, emphasising the idea that society should strive for equality of justice, liberty, and rights, but not of things like the attributes that make us individuals. In â€Å"Harrison Bergeron,† sarcasm is expressedRead MoreTheme Analysis : Harrison Bergeron907 Words   |  4 PagesPeggy S. Little Professor LaGuerre ENC1102 18 September, 2016 Theme Analysis: Harrison Bergeron In the literary piece â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† by Kurt Vonnegut, we enter a futuristic dystopian society in which all citizens have been forced into equality by a government that rules with corrupt omnipotence. From the very beginning of his hauntingly prophetic tale, Vonnegut lures us in by revealing what our society has devolved into at the hands of the wrong system in power. In the name of equality, theRead MoreLiterary Analysis : The Pit And The Pendulum 1100 Words   |  5 PagesIndia Sherman Tanig English II Pre-Ap 7 November 2014 Literary Analysis Essay What is evil? Reading â€Å"The Pit and the Pendulum† by: Edgar Allan Poe, â€Å"Marriage Is a Private Affair† by: Chinua Achebe, and â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† by: Kurt Vonnegut Jr. shall give a better understanding of defining evil. Evil means to be profoundly immoral and malevolent in all these stories this is something all the antagonist share. They all have their own version of evil, either traditional and strict evil , or insidious

Literary Analysis of Into the Wild - 1669 Words

Literary Analysis of Into The Wild Imagine spending thirty days alone in a tent or a cabin in the wilderness with no technology, electricity, running water, and any form of communication. Every day you wake up to the sight of the beautiful, tall trees and the various wildlife living in the area. Most of the time, you can hear the many sounds of nature: the majestic songs of birds, the whistling in the wind, and trees rustling. But sometimes all you can hear is nothing but silence. Most of us would not be able to do this and we would most likely want to be anywhere but here. Not many people will experience living in the wilderness, but for those who have will have memories to treasure forever. Among those people who would choose this†¦show more content†¦However, his relationship with his father Walt is much worse. Just like his father, McCandless was strong-willed and determined. Krakauer reports McCandlesss stubbornness, along with their contrasting beliefs, caused them to constantly clash with each other. McCandless always tried to live up to the high expectations set by Walt. According to Krakauer, when McCandless discovered that his father continued the relationship with his ex-wife, he felt betrayed and wronged by the hypocrisy of his fathers expectations. During his junior year at Emory, his animosity towards his parents intensified because, according to McCandless, they symbolized the injustice in the world at large (123). He scorned the money and gifts his parents tried to give him because he saw it as an attempt to spoil him and buy his trust. In addition, he was infuriated when his mother contacted him because he considered it as meddling and referred to the letter as stupid (124). After he finished college, he realized that he does not want anything to do with them, so he went on an adventure to Alaska in order to castigate and escape his parents. He still carries the burden of that family animosity because he is unable to forgive them. As Krakauer reported that many of his acquaintances learned that he still has some family issues. The odyssey is a way to transfer his feelings into his parents. He wanted to reverse the suffering they caused him. If anything were to happen to Chris,Show MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis Of Jack Londons The Call Of The Wild707 Words   |  3 PagesThe Call of the Wild Literary Analysis Have Have you ever read The Call of the Wild? The Call of the Wild by Jack London it is a story about a dog name Buck that transformation from a pampered pet to a fierce,masterful wild,animal, and this transformation naturally means that the canine protagonist gradually separates himself from his human masters on his way to achieving a final independence. Nevertheless, The Call of the Wild ultimately offers an ambiguous,rather than negative, portrait of Buck’sRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Wild Thorns By Sahar Khalifeh1253 Words   |  6 Pages‘Wild Thorns’ by Sahar Khalifeh is an insightful commentary that brings to life the Palestinian struggle under the Israeli Occupation and embodies this conflict through the different perspectives brought forth by the contrasting characters. We are primarily shown this strife through the eyes of the principal character, the expatriate Usama, as well as the foil character of his cousin, Adil. Khalifeh skillfully uses literary devices such as emotive language, allusions and positive and negative connotationsRead MoreAnalysis of a Picture Book--Where the Wild Things Are Essay1307 Words   |  6 PagesANALYSIS OF A PICTURE BOOK WHERE THE WILD THINGS ARE Written and Illustrated by Maurice Sendak Picture books can have a very important role in a classroom, from elementary school through middle and even high school. They offer a valuable literary experience by combining the visual and the text. Maurice Sendak’s Caldecott Award winning book, Where the Wild Things Are, is a wonderful blend of detailed illustrations and text in which a young boy, Max, lets his angry emotions create a fantasyRead MoreAthanasia: Human Impermanence and the Journey for Eternal Life in the Epic of Gilgamesh1740 Words   |  7 Pagesevident the innate rhythm of life, which represents the link that he has with nature. With love, and self-realization, Enkidu eventually becomes a friend to Gilgamesh. Readers are able to see the merging of Gilgamesh’s divine stature with Enkidu’s wild nature, which in turn changes Enkidu from a simple beast to a figure that is larger than life (Harris 122). He essentially becomes an equal to Gilgamesh. Enkidu undergoes the following transformation: From the barbarian man that he once was, EnkiduRead MoreHawthorne s The Scarlet Letter872 Words   |  4 Pageswhich Hawthorne doesn’t spend much time on the actions, activities, speech, or thoughts of the Puritan characters; but with Hester and Pearl, most of the narration covers these topics and characterizes them to an extreme level not often seen in other literary works. Another critic shares these feelings as well: Jane Swisshelm, an American abolitionist and journalist who often contributed criticisms in favor of women’s rights, sees Hester as an amazing character through Hawthorne’s narration. She statesRead MoreAn Unknown Girl Analysis1379 Words   |  6 Pages↠ A Passage To Africa. (Narrative Article, Literary  Analysis.) Poetry Analysis: An Unknown Girl- Moniza  Alvi. 28May In the evening bazaar Studded with neon An unknown girl Is hennaing my hand She squeezes a wet brown line Form a nozzle She is icing my hand, Which she steadies with her On her satin peach knee. In the evening bazaar For a few rupees An unknown girl is hennaing my hand As a little air catches My shadow stitched kameez A peacock spreads its lines Across my palm. Read MoreThe Mystery Of Vampires From Folklore Tales1622 Words   |  7 Pagesthe monster’s mouth, placing wild roses around the vampires’ coffin, or exposing the evil entity to some type of religious artifact. Over time, these eerie tales would make their way into a more modern and educated social class. This educated class would transform the primitive blood sucking creature into a more sophisticated, darker entity within books rather than conversation. This would be known as the literary conversation of vampires. As a result, these literary vampires would be treasuredRead MoreShadows On The Skin : A Study Of Dually Randall And Paul Laurence Dunbar957 Words   |  4 Pagessound, structure and imagery to express what they experienced during that harsh time. A careful analysis of â€Å"We Wear the Mask† and â€Å"Ballad of Birmingham† expose that the shadows cast on their skin has a lasting impression. Dunbar and Randall both use interesting imagery in their poems to display how the character truly feels. In the â€Å"Ballad of Birmingham,† stanzas such as â€Å"Her eyes grew wet and wild†(26) and â€Å"Drawn white gloves on her small brown hands â€Å"(19) are used to display visual imagery toRead MoreLanguage And Literature Courses And Ap U.s. History1281 Words   |  6 Pagesstructure along with metaphors and imagery I was able to identify Strafford’s overarching idea of life’s inevitability—death. Before English 1102 I was unfamiliar with the process of a poetry explication; I struggled to find the difference between analysis and explication. In â€Å"Traveling through the Dark,† I looked past the author’s universal message and sought meaning in the enjambments, imagery, and metaphors. I employed the form of the explication beautifully and my reading of the poem was thoroughRead MoreAllegorical Metamorphosis1128 Words   |  5 PagesHistorical literary theory explores the cultural background of the time period or the author background. Author background is extremely appropriate to application for Kafka’s book Metamorphosis because various characters in the book are reproductions of individuals in his personal life. Psychological literary theory is analysis of the book from psychological viewpoint. By applying psychoanalysis to Metamorphosis one can decode characters in the novel with many details. Applying critical literary theories

What Everybody Is Saying About Open Ended Essay Topics Is Wrong and Why

What Everybody Is Saying About Open Ended Essay Topics Is Wrong and Why Open Ended Essay Topics Options The primary difference between open and closed questions is that open questions will likely get long answers whereas closed questions will likely get short answers. An open question is a question that has an extensive response. A closed question might also be described as a question that needs a brief answer, whereas an open question may also be be described as a question that demands a relatively long answer. Closed-ended questions may also be utilised in the situations mentioned previously, though they have the capability to end the conversation. If you take care of this, there is not any reason why you need ton't produce an impressive paper. Answers that you suggest can reveal what you're looking for, so people might be directly or indirectly affected by the questions. These don't need much thought. What You Should Do to Find Out About Open Ended Essay Topics Before You're Left Behind In journalism, stories are about people and the way they're affected by events. You may find that several of the topics can be adapted to suit almost any sort of writing assignment. But at other times you are going to have the chance to select a topic by yourself. Help colleges learn something about you they can't discover when reading the remainder of your application. Vital Pieces of Open Ended Essay Topics Closed Questions can normally be answered quickly. Direct questions could be used to acquire routine information quickly. Closed-ended questions may also be very complicated. Advanced english question want a film and theme. You have to finish the entirety of the application before the deadline to be able to be considered for the scholarship prospect. Instead, start once the assignment is given so that you're able to have ample time to decide on a topic, do your research and produce the last draft. At other times an interview or interviews it's perhaps much better to use direct questions. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics as you need opposing points you could counter to your own points. Your objective of sending out an on-line survey needs to be clear and based on this, you can assess the sort of questions that you would want to use. It is recommended to look for the one which has a fantastic reputation and offers high-quality papers at inexpensive prices. As you have observed, different forms of essay topics have various techniques to approach them, and in addition, they have their own benefits. After the procedure for release is finally revealed, we aren't surprised to find that it's lethal injection. Open Ended Essay Topics Help! It's simple to concentrate on what you wish to know rather than on how you ask, but how you ask questions matters a great deal in terms of what and how much it is possible to discover. Daily Prompt giving a response to a prompt that's daily provide kiddies a wonderful open-ended opportunity to write on a brand-new subject everyday. When you're picking your topic, bear in mind that it's much simpler to write about something which you presently have interest ineven in case you don't know a great deal about it. If possible, do qualitative research initially and make sure that your close ended questions represent the items which are in people's heads. Understanding Open Ended Essay Topics You must ensure your paper does not have any grammar issues when you submit it. Don't use jargon and slang. The duration of the essay will depend upon the assignment, so make sure to consult the instructor. Utilizing an open thesis statement makes it possible for writers the freedom to make an essay that touches on several topics. The student with the most effective short essays submission will obtain a $1000 scholarship. The Lost Secret of Open Ended Essay Topics Some can require research while some may require using the five senses and figurative language. The goal isn't just to inform but to offer personal reflection and philosophies throughout the story-telling too. In the very first scenario, the objective of assessment is to find out whether that that will be required to be learnt has in fact been learnt. Explore these various kinds of guilt. The Open Ended Essay Topics Cover Up You cannot permit your grades suffer just because of a couple challenges. Students want to feel that there isn't any correct or wrong response when they're writing. The students are given 30-minute s to supply a written reaction to one. Therefore, many students and employees decide to acquire cheap essay rather than writing it themselves. Generally speaking, all kinds of written assessment may be put into one of two categories. Describe some tasks you've accomplished over the last two years that don't have any connection to academic studies. Your definition ought to be different from the sources. The degree to which different assessment formats measure proficiency over the whole array of complexity of understanding and performance is just one of the central issues in assessment.

Emily Dickinson Hope Is the Thing with Feathers Explanation free essay sample

Emily Dickinsons Hope is the Thing With Feathers, is the 6th part of a much larger poem called Life. The poem examines the abstract idea of hope in the free spirit of a bird. She uses her poem, to show that hope is contained in the soul of everyone and can triumph over all. She uses imagery, metaphors, alliteration and personification to help describe why Hope is the Thing With Feathers. † This then shows her message about hope. She begins with those terms in the first line, â€Å"Hope is the thing with feathers. † In this image, you can see hope is a bird. Hope is not a living thing, but by giving hope feathers, she begins to create an image of hope in our minds. Feathers represent hope because feathers enable you to fly and offer the image of flying away to a new hope, a new beginning. That perches in the soul, Dickinson continues to use the imagery of a bird to describe hope. We will write a custom essay sample on Emily Dickinson Hope Is the Thing with Feathers Explanation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The soul is the home for hope. This can be a metaphor. Hope rests in our soul the way a bird rests on its perch. She uses the imagery of a birds continuous song to represent eternal hope. Birds never stop singing their song of hope. In the nest stanza she uses And sweetest in the gale is heard to describe the birds song of hope. You think of an image of a birds song of hope whistling above the hard winds and offering the promise that soon the storm will end. Then she uses the next line to metaphorically describe what a person who destroys hope feels like. And sore must be the storm That could abash the little bird That kept so many warm. She uses a powerful image of a person abashing the bird of hope that gives comfort and warmth for so many. The destroyer of hope causes pain and soreness that hurts them the most In the first line of the last stanza Ive heard it in the chilliest lands, Dickinson offers the reader another reason to have hope. It is heard even in the coldest, saddest lands. Hope is eternal and everywhere. The birds song of hope is even heard And on the strangest sea. Hope exists for everyone. In the last two lines, she informs us that the bird of hope asks for no favor or price in return for its sweet song. It asked a crumb of me. Hope is a free gift. All we must do is not clip the wings of hope and let it fly and sing freely. Its song can be heard over the strangest seas, coldest lands, and in the worst storms. It is a song that never ends as long as we do not let it.

4 Ways to Master English Vocabulary

4 Ways to Master English Vocabulary The best way to learn English vocabulary is by topics with explanations of meaning, examples of usage and subsequent exercises. It is possible to practice English vocabulary through exercises in listening comprehension, speaking, reading, and writing. Learners of English should have lists of difficult word meanings and of phrases (expressions) on every topic with usage sentences. They must read those ready-made vocabulary usage sentences many times if needed. Longman Language Activator Dictionary (unique English Idea Production Dictionary) covers this issue thoroughly. It is essential that learners also make up their own sentences with that vocabulary, taking into consideration real life situations.Students of English can learn a lot of vocabulary on every topic from thematic English dictionaries. Good thematic English dictionaries provide clear word usage explanations and also a few usage sentences for each word meaning, which is especially important. It is essential that students of English also make up their own sentences with difficult vocabulary. They should think about the real life situations where and when that vocabulary can be used.Do ready-made exercises from textbooks in vocabulary practice. Exercises in vocabulary pra ctice can include dialogues, narrations (telling stories), thematic texts, questions and answers in various situations, discussions, talking points, and expressing opinions and views on real life topics and issues. Learners can also master new English vocabulary by reading thematic texts (materials) on everyday topics with important content, for example, Practical Tips and Advice to Make Everyday Life Easier and Better (practical solutions for everyday problems). Such self-help books on settling everyday matters are available at bookstores. Learners must write down unknown vocabulary in whole sentences. It is essential that they practice speaking the content of the texts that they have read. As people say, practice makes perfect. Thematic General English Dictionaries Longman Language Activator (Unique idea production English dictionary, very valuable for solid vocabulary acquisition). There is also Longman Pocket Activator Dictionary. Longman English dictionaries are the most authoritative.Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English.The Oxford-Duden Pictorial English Dictionary (by J. Pheby, 1995, 816 pages).Oxford Learners Wordfinder Dictionary.Word Menu (dictionary by Stephen Glazier, Random House, USA, over 75,000 words arranged by subject matter).Cambridge Word Selector/Routes.NTCs Dictionary of Everyday American English Expressions (over 7,000 phrases arranged by topics).

World War II Research Essay Topics

World War II Research Essay Topics Students are often required to write a paper on a topic as broad as World War II, but you should know that the instructor will expect you to narrow your focus to a specific thesis. This is especially true if you are in high school or college. Narrow your focus by making a list of words, much like the list of words and phrases that are presented in bold type below. Then begin to explore related questions, like those that follow the words in this list and come up with your own cool WWII topics. The answer to questions like these can become a good starting point of a thesis statement. Culture and People When the US entered into war, everyday life across the country changed drastically. From civil rights, racism, and resistance movements to basic human needs like food, clothing, and medicine, the aspects of how life was impacted are immense. African-Americans and rights. What impact did the war years have on the rights of African-Americans? What were they allowed or not allowed to do?Animals. How were horses, dogs, birds, or other animals used? Did they play a special role?Art. What art movements were inspired by wartime events? Is there one specific work of art that tells a story about the war?Clothing. How was fashion impacted? How did clothing save lives or hinder movement? What materials were used or not used?Domestic violence. Was there an increase or a decrease?Families. Did new family customs develop? What was the impact on children of soldiers?Fashion. Did fashion change significantly for civilians? What changes had to be made during wartime?Food preservation. What new preservation and packaging methods occurred during and after the war? How was this helpful?Food rationing. How did rationing impact families? Were rations always the same for different groups of people? Were soldiers affected by rations?Love letter s. What do letters tell us about relationships, families, and friendships? What about gender roles? New words. What new vocabulary words emerged during and after WWII?Nutrition. Were there battles that were lost or won because of the foods available? How did nutrition change at home during the war because of the availability of certain products?Penicillin and other medicine. How was penicillin used? What medical developments occurred during and after the war?Resistance movements. How did families deal with living in an occupied territory?Sacrifices. How did family life change?Womens work at home. How did womens work change at home during the war? What about after the war ended? Economy and Workforce For a nation that was still recovering from the Great Depression, World War II had a major impact on this countrys economy and workforce. When the war began, the fate of the workforce changed; overnight, American factories were repurposed to produce goods to support the war effort and women took on jobs that were traditionally held by men, who were now off to war. Advertising. How did food packaging change during the war? How did advertisements change in general? What were the advertisements for?Occupations. What new jobs were created? Who filled these new roles? Who filled the roles that were previously held by many of the men who went off to war?Propaganda. How did society respond to the war? Do you know why?Toys. How did the war impact the toys that were manufactured?New products. What products were invented and became a part of popular culture? Were these products present only during war times, or did they exist after? Military, Government, and War Americans were mostly against entering the war up until the bombing of Pearl Harbor, after which support for the war grew, as did armed forces. Before the war, the US didnt have the large military forces it soon became known for, with the war resulting in 16 million entering the service. The role the military played in the war, and the impacts of the war itself, were vast. Americas entry into the war. How is the timing significant? What factors are not so well known?Churchill, Winston. What role did this leader play that interests you most? How did his background prepare him for his role?Clandestine operations. Governments went to great lengths to hide the true date, time, and place of their actions.Destruction. Many historic cities and sites were destroyed in the U.K.- Liverpool, Manchester, London, and Coventry- and in other nations.Hawaii. How did events impact families or society in general?The Holocaust. Do you have access to any personal stories?Italy. What special circumstances were in effect?Kilroy was here. Why was this phrase important to  soldiers?  Nationalist Socialist movement in America. What impact has this movement had in society and government since WWII?Political impact. How was your local town impacted politically and socially?POW camps after the war. Where were they and what happened to them after the war? Heres a starting poin t: Some were turned into race tracks after the war! Prisoners of war. How many POWs were there? How many made it home safely? What were some long-lasting effects?Spies. Who were the spies? Were they men or women? What side were they on? What happened to spies who were caught?Submarines. Were there enemy submarines on a coast near you? What role did submarines play in the war?Surviving an attack. How were military units attacked? How did it feel to jump from a plane that was disabled?Troop logistics. How were troop movements kept secret? What were some challenges of troop logistics?Views on freedom. How was freedom curtailed or expanded?Views on governments role. Where was the governments role expanded? What about governments elsewhere?War crime trials. How were trials conducted? What were the political challenges or consequences? Who was or wasnt tried?Weather. Were there battles that were lost or won because of the weather conditions? Were there places where people suffered more because of the weather?Women in warfare. What roles did women play during the war? What surprises you about womens work in World War II? Technology and Transportation With the war came advancements in technology and transportation, impacting communications capabilities, the spread of news, and even entertainment. Bridges and roads. What transportation-related developments came from wartime or postwar policies?Communication. How did radio or other types of communication impact key events?Motorcycles. What needs to be led to the development of folding motorcycles? Why was there widespread use of military motorcycles by the government?Technology. What technology came from the war, and how was it used after the war?TV technology. When did televisions start to appear in homes, and what is significant about the timing? What TV shows were inspired by the war, and how realistic were they? How long did World War II affect TV programming?Jet engine technology. What advances can be traced to WWII needs?Radar. What role did radar play, if any?Rockets. How important was rocket technology? Shipbuilding achievements. The achievements were quite remarkable during the war. Why and how did this happen?

History and Development of Corrections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History and Development of Corrections - Essay Example According to Ignatieff (1978), when U.S. attained independence from England in 1776, The Britons did not have a foreign protectorate where they could imprison people without costing a lot of money. Hence, the convict system started in 1776 as a backslash to the loss of American protectorates. It was essential to find an intermediate punishment, incorporating correction of the body and mind. Publication of The State of Prison in England and Wales- a book written by John Howard- in 1776 offered a significant information on the conditions of prisons and the prisoners contained there (Ignatieff, 1978). The public’s concentration turned towards the penal condition in England after reading this book. Howard had stumbled upon something that was significant in the eyes of public. In the 18thC, there were two types of prisons: the house of correction and the jail. The 18thC’s jail was almost similar to the one in the late 20thC. Furthermore, it also housed people waiting for tri al. This group of people included those who could not afford bail and those sentenced for a short period (Barnes, 1972). The prisons or jails were used mainly for the detention of those accused of crime awaiting their trial and for the imprisonment of debtors and religious political offenders. A true account is that they were hardly ever used for the imprisonment of the criminal classes. Semple (1993) asserts that a health reformer called Jeremy Bentham stepped into the prison debate using Howard’s work as a basis. He had concluded that there were three kinds of prisons. His concepts had developed upon what was initially thought of as the status quo. These three kinds of prisons included the Black Prison, the House of Safe Custody, and the Penitentiary House. The House of Safe Custody was similar to an 18thC jail (Semple, 1993). Bentham believed that its main function was to house those waiting for trial and debtors. Nevertheless, the difference between the two was that, unli ke a jail, the House of Safe Custody did not imprison people sentenced for a short period. Penitentiary House was the second prison. It was a step above the House of Safe Custody. This is where temporary incarceration took place. In order to differentiate roles of the jail, these roles were divided between the Penitentiary House and the House of Safe Custody (Semple, 1993). The last type of prisons established by Bentham was the Black Prison. This prison provided longer stays compared to the Penitentiary House (Semple, 1993). In the Black Prison, two skeletons were to lie together either side of an iron door so as to strike terror into the hearts of the inmates since it reminded them that they were certainly a house of death from which there was no escape. According to Pollock (2005), there were several alterations made within the convict system in England shortly after Bentham published his concepts of what a prison must be. The first, main change was the silent system’s tri al period in 1834. The silent system offered slightly more liberty to prisoners, but any form of communication was totally prohibited. Prisoners were not imprisoned to cells though they worked together on different outside projects (Pollock, 2005). A harsh punishment would be issued in the event that the silence was broken. This system finally paved way for the popular separate system. The introduction of the separate system was the second significant change. The separate system

Sonys Marketing Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sonys Marketing Strategies - Essay Example It has also developed a direct-marketing solution named eBridge[TM] to help marketers gain insights into the target audience and thus assess the effectiveness of campaigns. Sony has also developed a strong product portfolio and also concentrates on product diversification to increase its reach to the end-users and is also attempting to integrate its whole portfolio of devices in a networked home-entertainment system to make them more useful for the consumers. It is also trying to strengthen its existing strong brand image and trying to consolidate its market position by market development as well as mergers and acquisitions. Adding to this, Sony's creativity to make inventions, creativity in product planning and production as well as creativity in marketing has enabled it to gain an edge over its competitors. The market is dynamic and is characterised by unpredictable patterns in terms of customer perception, competitive strategies adding to this the political, economic, social and technological (PEST) elements of the market environment change continuous; hence

What Factors Effect The Climate Environmental Sciences Essay

What Factors Effect The Climate Environmental Sciences Essay Scientists used the word Climate to describe the precipitation and temperature of an area for a long period of time. They have defined the factors that have a great effect on temperature. These factors include latitude, wind, elevation, as well as the effect of the nearby ocean currents. The scientists pointed out that the factors which contribute primarily to precipitation are the prevailing winds and mountain ranges. As for the earths major climate zone, the scientists have divided the earth into three main regions: polar, temperature and tropical zone. In this study, we will discuss all that matters in details in addition to other matters which are related to the climate. (Ruddiman, et.al; (2005) Factors affecting climate 1.1 Elevation: it is clear that the higher you go, the colder it gets. When oxygen becomes less in the air, it affects vegetation. The oxygen exists in the rain shadow of mountains leads to relief rain ( in the matter of fact the monsoons occurred when air goes up to passes over the Himalayas, carrying a lot of water. When it goes up, it cools and so cant carry the water, therefore it rains). 1.2 Latitude, location: the further you are from the equator, the colder it is. This because the sun rays coming on the earth are less and, therefore, they have less warming effect because the angle of the planet becomes near water resulting in altering the high specific heat capacity comparing to land. This means that water has the ability to absorb a lot of energy without showing a very big change in the temperature. The reverse is also true. Therefore the islands and areas which are surrounded by water have fewer variations in the temperature degree over the course of the year (including day and night, than continental places. (William F. Ruddiman (2005) 1.3 Wind: in the matter of fact, wind leads to reducing the ability of a place to support life. This because it removes away all the soil as well as what is needed to start life. At the coast, for example ,life only begins on the strand line because that keeps providing a little shelter against the wind , therefore the plants become capable to grow and they, in turn, lead to trapping the debris to become a bigger wind shelter etc. however, without the wind shelter, it would have just blown away. 1.4 Oceans: the oceans have a great effect on the climate. The Indian Ocean, for example, represents a signature of climate change over the past years. It has showed the temperatures the climate near Australia. By measuring and analyzing the climate, it is clear that there are changes in features of the ocean that cannot be explained by natural variability. These changes on the ocean climate are almost related to changes in the heat structure of the atmosphere and this affected the temperature of water by raising it in the Indian Ocean of around two degrees Celsius. There are many other factors such as atmosphere (thickness, composition), shape of land, ozone, and natural disaster such volcanoes, earthquakes, floods, etc. 2.0 Earths major climate zone Polar It is a known fact that the polar climate zone goes from North and South Poles to 60 degrees latitude. The annually average temperatures stand below freezing, or 32 degrees Fahrenheit. There are some famous polar zones which include Alaskas and Canadas northern coasts as well as the southernmost tip of South America, in which the snow melts during the warmest periods of the year. Many areas have layers of ice or glaciers. They get up to 10 inches of precipitation yearly, this, in turn; result in making the area very dry. 2.2 Temperate It is a known fact that the temperate zone is situated between the arctic or Polar Regions and the tropics, ranging from nearly 23.5 degrees to 66.5 degrees latitude, north and south of the equator. The areas which are very far from the equator may have snow during the winter season. The rains fall throughout the year closer to the equator. Yearly, the average temperatures range from 41 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit. Inland deserts are also included in temperate zone includes, such as the Gobi Desert in Central Asia and the Great Sandy Desert in Australia. (Edwards, et.al; (2001) 2.3 Tropical Zones Tropical zones, in the matter of fact, tend to cover the area ranging from the Tropic of Capricorn, situated at 23.5 degrees south latitude, up to the Tropic of Cancer, situated at 23.5 degrees north latitude. The Tropical zones include high temperatures as well as humidity levels. Throughout the year, the temperature degree remains above 64 Fahrenheit. Throughout the day, temperature degree sometimes exceeds 95 Fahrenheit. It is known that the tropical climates have sub-tropical zones including rainforests, semi-arid zones and savannas. These climates have high levels of humidity as a result of the air convection and vertical uplift. Climate Changes In the matter of fact, the climate changes all over the world. Actually, we have new changes in the climate throughout the world. No one, all over the world, can deny this fact. Those changes may have a great effect on life throughout the world in general and on the Arabic area in particular. In fact, the problem of climate change has a relationship with the problems of the water or rivers resources and human health; therefore, these changes may have a negative effect on the economy of various countries throughout the world. Rising of temperature may lead to the destruction of many beaches; the matter may result in causing harm to the animals in the oceans. World Climate Type The KÃ ¶ppen Climate Classification System is the system which is used throughout the world to classify the various types of climates in the world. The categories of this system are based on the annual and monthly averages of temperature as well as precipitation. The KÃ ¶ppen system has identintified five major types of climate , each one of these types is distinguished by a capital letter. A Tropical Moist Climates: it a known fact that this type of climate has average temperatures exceeding 18Â ° Celsius all months. B Dry Climates: it is well known that this type of climate has deficient precipitation nearly throughout the year. C Moist Mid-latitude Climates: this type of has Mild Winters. D Moist Mid-Latitude Climates: this type of climate has Cold Winters. E Polar Climates: this kind of climate has extremely cold winters and summers (Ruddiman, et.al; (2005) There are also 8 biomes. It is known that they represent the tropical forest, dessert, temperate grassland, savannah, temperate forest, coniferous (pine) forest, chaparral and tundra. There are some people who may count High Mountain and arctic as two extra biomes, however they theyre not really biomes because they dont have almost n plant life, How the oceans influence the climate It is a well known fact that the oceans have a great influence on the climate over long as well as short time-scales. On the longest time-scale of geologic time, the location and shape of the continents leads to specify the oceans circulation patterns. As continental plates drift at nearly 5 cm per year and mountain ranges rise by nearly 1 mm, it takes usually many years for new land formations in order to change the oceans. In the matter of fact, the patterns of ocean circulation can also change rapidly, leading to climate fluctuations and variations on a human time-scale. Records of regional, in particular, and global, in general, climate indicates periods continuing from years to centuries during which the climate was systematically different from earlier and later periods. Most of the scientists believe that this behavior has a relationship with the changes in the way that the oceans store and transport heat, though the precise causes of these changes are not always clear. (D. Qi n, et.al; 2007) The scientists assured that there is a strong link between the oceans and the atmosphere indicating that they together form the most dynamic component of the climate system. The temperature and circulation patterns of the atmosphere-ocean system can be altered as a result of changes in external factors such the distribution of various plant species, the suns energy or the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Atmosphere and oceans can also generate internal fluctuations because they are turbulent. The currents and temperature of the underlying ocean can also be directly influenced by the short-term changes and fluctuations in wind or temperature (namely, weather), meanwhile oceanic fluctuations can diminish, magnify, or modify the atmospheric fluctuations. The scientists assured that the oceans play an important role in storing carbon and heat. The change in temperature becomes greater and faster over the land than the over the oceans especially when the earths surface cools or is heated by the sun. The ocean spread the effects of the temperature change for great distances through vertical mixing and convective movements because it is a fluid. On the contrary, the solid land cannot, therefore the suns heat penetrates only the thin, upper crust. The oceans ability to absorb more heat resulted in that when an area of ocean becomes cooler or warmer than usual, it takes much longer for that area to revert to normal than it would for a land area. This clarifies the reason that makes maritime climates tend to be less extreme than continental ones, with smaller day-night and winter-summer differences. The powerful currents lead to moving the oceans waters constantly. The currents of the surface are largely wind-driven, though the presence of continents, the rotation of the earth, as well as the oceans internal dynamics have a great influence. The density differences produced by cooling and heating as well as by and evaporation and precipitation lead to driving the deep-ocean flow. The behavior of the atmosphere actually has great effects on these density differences. Clouds, for example, can lead to cooling the sea by preventing the warming rays coming from the sun or reducing the surface salinity by bringing rain. The wind can also have a great influence on the evaporation rates by blowing more weakly or more strongly. By transporting heat, these currents have a great influence on the climate. The horizontal currents, especially the currents moving north or south, can carry cooled or warmed or water as far as many thousand kilometers. After that, the displaced water can cool or warm the air as well as the land over which this air passes. Water from the tropical and subtropical Atlantic, for example, moves north through the Atlantic in a current with is well known as the Gulf Stream. There it passes the shores of Western Europe, resulting in producing the climate which is mild for that latitude. Scientists asserted that the currents which are involved in deep-water formation are very important for climate. Surface cooling, in winter, makes water become denser. (As the fresh-water which is cooled begins to expand at temperatures less than 4 C, salt-water continues to compress all the way down to its freezing point of -2 C.) .In the areas where the evaporation becomes more than precipitation, the resulting rise in salinity leads increasing density. Convective overturning occurs as well as the dense surface water mixes downwards especially when the surface water becomes denser than the underlying water. In some places this downward mixing can extend all the way to the bottom, even in deep oceans. Therefore, the dense, deep water which is formed spreads throughout the ocean. When the downward mixing occurs at high latitudes, as a result, it leads to creating a circulation pattern where the warm water from tropical and subtropical regions moves pole ward, surrenders heat to the a tmosphere, sinks, cools and flows back towards the equator. This in turn resulted in transporting the heat pole ward. Now it becomes clear that a small change in just one aspect of the oceans behavior can result in producing major climate variations over very bi areas of the earth. The cold-water formation areas represent good example of this possibly wide-spread phenomenon. Although the scientists asserted that there is an urgent need for conducting more researches, the oceanographers agreed that, as for the whole area north of 30 N latitude, the oceans pole ward transport of heat is equivalent to nearly 15 watts per square meter of the earths surface (W/m2). This actually can be compared with about 200 W/m2 from direct sunshine, and nearly 6 W/m2 for what climate change models predict will happen if the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide doubles. Ocean core records, recent observations, and many results denoted that North Atlantic deep-water formation as well as its ocean heat flow changes and fluctuate substantially over time-scales ranging from years up to millennia. Effect of climate change on oceans In the matter of fact, the climate change and variation may have a great effect on the oceans throughout the world. Actually, from the south Arctic with its diminishing sea ice to the new low-lying beach areas in England to the Great Barrier Reef, the temperature of the planet raised more than the last century. The sea level is continuously rising. The CO2 gas levels are constantly increasing. The planets and animals are appearing in some areas and disappearing from others. As for the climate variation and change, the oceans represent a wonderful source of indicators. The climate change, in general, has a great effect on these oceans are affected. The Climate change has also a great effect on the ocean animals such as the sea turtles, polar bears, penguins, right whales, lobsters, seals, and cod. The beach sea fish are also involved; therefore it is too important to work on ways that may lead to reducing the negative impacts that the climate has by supporting the research, creating p ristine marine protected sanctuaries and promoting sustainable seafood. (Hansen, et.al: (2000). Conclusion Finally, we can safely say that climate play an important role in our world. In this study, we have tried to cover some of the main sides of the climate in the world. First, we touched upon one of the main sides of the climate in the world, namely, the factors that have a great effect on the climate explaining how these factors affect the climate greatly. Then we moved to another important point, that is, the earths major climate zone explaining how the scientists have divided the earth into three major regions: polar, temperature and tropical zone. We didnt stop at this point, but we continue to shed the light on the world climate type, the oceans influence on the climate and the effect of climate change on oceans to end our study with the effect of the climate change on the Indian Ocean.

Dune Essay -- essays research papers

Dune   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This book all started with the family Atreides landing on plant Arrakis, commonly known as Dune. The planet Dune was the centre of the universe due to its immense amounts of spice. This spice is greatly needed for all planets as fuel and for raw materials. The family Atreides were asked by Emperor himself to go and mine the spice on the planet. Their greatest enemy the Harkonnen's, were also on Dune. These two families mining the precious spice on the same plant would lead to great troubles and wars.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Soon after that, I was introduced to a very brave and insightful young man. The young man is Paul Atreides. Paul is medium height with short, black hair. His mother Jessica is a Bene Gesserit that means she knows the â€Å"weirding way.† This means Jessica is trained to kill and is also trained as a mind reader. She is very tall and beautiful and is always concerned with the actions of Paul, the future ruler of the galaxy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jessica's teacher, the Reverend Mother heard of Paul and thought that he might be the great leader that the prophets told of. The Reverend Mother came to Dune and tested Paul to see if this was so. Paul underwent great pain and suffering but passed the tests with the highest reverence. Duke Leto, Paul's father now came into the picture. He was the leader of the Atreides Family. He seemed very established and perceptive. The Atreides family represented good and honesty while their enemies, the Harkonnen's, were ruthless killers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Harkonnen home planet, Gedi Prime was very desolate and dark. It represented the immorality and darkness within the Harkonnens. Their leader Baron Vladimir Harkonnen was very obese and inhuman. He killed his own slaves for fun and hated the Atreides with a passion. He hated their peaceful and honest ways. Most of all he despised their coming to Dune. This Harkonnen leader appeared the typical tyrant leader. Vladimir Harkonnen's most trusted solider Feyd-Rautha was also like him except his physical appearance was that of ideal shape and form.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Back at the Atreides base more characters are introduced to me. They are Duncan Idaho who was the personal trainer for Paul Atreides, Dr. Yeuh who was a good friend of the Duke and later was found out to be a traitor, and Thufir... ... understand the characters and their emotions with more comprehension. There were many themes in ‘Dune' such as â€Å"you shall get your just deserves.† This means that what you have done to others shall be done back to you in full. The Harkonnens army combined with the Emperors attacked and beat the Atreides. Paul in turn strikes back with brute force that many have not seen throughout their existence. The Harkonnens and the Emperor were annihilated and Paul's vengeance was paid. I must say that this science fiction book did create a sense of reality meaning that this situation could happen in the future. A boy or girl born in the future who is destined to be the almighty ruler. He/she will guide us out of depression and into a new era of peace and prosperity. Their may be truth to this story and one day a fight between good and evil may come to reality. Dune is the typical `Good guys vs. Bad guys' theme. The Atreides are at war with the Harkonnens and the good always win (as you already know.) Although this plot is really used too much Frank Herbert did an excellent job to disguise this fact. He blended this into a great story line of action packed adventure and dreams of the future.

Sports Nutrition Market in India

1. Introduction This chapter deals with overview, objectives, methodology, sampling plan and limitations of the study. 1. . Overview of the study Business analysis of whey in India is not restricted to its well defined boundaries. Because of the nature of the product and its current status, it is traded globally and very small quantity is traded within the country. The study is intended to study the effect of global changes on trade. Similarly the emphasis is laid on the application of whey as a product for mass market. The idea is to understand capabilities required for the same and see if any company can fit into that specification. 2. . Objective of the study The study has been undertaken to meet following objectives: 1) To understand the structure, Conduct and performance of whey business in India. 2) To understand the evolution of Whey business in next five years. 3) To identify key opportunities for GCMMF in whey business. 4) To propose market entry strategy for GCMMF to enter into whey business 3. . Methodology followed The study has used personal visits to whey processing plants and modern format stores, questionnaire survey of gym visitors, unstructured interviews with trainers, dieticians, and unstructured interview on telephone with employees of these plants, use of checklist for retailers and distributors. Secondary data from internet and literature have been used. |Sr. No |Data required |Data sources |Tools used | |1. |Turnover, Supply. Market share, Main products, Production |Current Internet, Unstructured interviews with the | | |facilities-capacity, technology; Profits, Future estimates |players, |associated employees, Annual Report study, Indian | | |of demand ,area of operation, |supplier |Export Agency-internet | |2. |Manufacturers, Prices, Volumes, Consuming segment, Margins |Product |Internet, Unstructured interviews with the | | |in different formats, Channels for different formats. formats, |retailers, distributors, Annual Report study of | | | |Channel |players | |3. |Distribution c hannels, margins, mode of operation, |Channel |Internet, structured interviews. | | |incentives | | | |4. Institutional buyers, consumers-segment, consumer |Consumers, |Consumer survey, structured/unstructured | | |preferences, acceptability, product and brand recognition |Retailers |interviews/focussed group surveys, Retailer survey| | |,benefits, value for money ,future market-volume/sales | | | 1. 4. Sampling plan The consumer related result is based on fifty consumers surveys conducted in nine cities namely Anand, Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Pune, Delhi, Karnal, Panchkula, Chandigarh and Gurgaon. The retailers, distributors and Modern Format Stores were approached randomly without any restriction on numbers. The idea has been to get qualitative and quantitative information both. 1. 5 Limitations of the study 1. The number of consumers surveyed is not sufficient to generalise the results. However the results are indicative in nature. 2. Time allotted for the study is not sufficient. 3. Qualitative information has been used to understand different requirements of whey business in India. 4. Unavailability of authentic secondary sources for getting information related to gyms, medical stores, and whey utilisation in India etc. . Understanding Whey 2. 1. Whey: Introduction Whey is a by-product of cheese, Paneer and Shrikhand. It is a green yellowish fluid. It can also be called as the water of Paneer, Cheese, and Shrikhand . There are two varieties of whey based on acidity: sweet and acid whey. Similarly the classification of whey has been done on the basis of its source e. g. cas ein or cheese. The developed world has very high per capita consumption of cheese with respect to developing or underdeveloped world; therefore the whey production is mainly concentrated in the developed countries only. 2. 2. Importance of whey Whey contains very nutritive constituents like Whey proteins -Immunoglobulin, amino-acids both essential and non-essential, lactoferin riboflavin, lactose etc which are very important for the body. Whey protein has very High biological and Protein Efficiency Ratio . Thus it is rated as the best protein. Because of technological advancement, these constituents can be separated from the whey. The importance of whey therefore lies due to following reasons: 1. Highly priced: because of very sophisticated technology and high demand for the separated constituents, these are highly priced. 2. Whey has very high Biological Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand (>40000), therefore it poses serious threat to environment. The Government has made strict norms related to environmental pollution. ISO -14000 is basically meant for controlling the environmental pollution related to any manufacturing units. Above two reasons pose a challenge to the whey producing companies to efficiently utilise it. 2. 3. Properties and application of whey Because of the functionality of whey, it finds use in the manufacture of various fields and products. Table 1. Functionality and application of whey Functional Property |Application | |Whipping/Foaming |Egg less cakes, Dessert, Whipped toppings | |Emulsification |Sausages, Coffee whiteners, Soups, Cakes, Infant Formula, Biscuits | |Gelation |Meats, Baked foods, Cheeses, curd, yoghurt | |Viscosity |Soups, Gravies, Salad Dressings | |Water Binding/Mineral Binding |Cakes, Meats , Sausages, Nutritional foods | |Solubility |Beverages | |Browning |Breads, Biscuits, Confectionery, Sauces | |Flavour/Aroma |Baked goods, Biscuits, Confections | From above table it is very much evident that whey has very wide application in food and pharmaceutical industry. 3. Global Whey Business It has already been mentioned that the whey is a by-product of cheese which is mainly consumed in the developed world, particularly Europe and United States. Therefore its production is mainly concentrated in these countries. Global production of whey has been 177 mn MT in 2006 with a value of $ 9bn which is expected to grow annually at 2-3 % for next 5 years. The major contribution in production i. e. approx. 94% is due to Cheese whey and emaining is due to casein whey. Salient features of Global Whey business †¢ About 70% is utilised for industrial purpose and remaining is used for cattle feed, fertilisers and some quantity goes waste. †¢ Fifty six percent of the whey used for industrial purpose is utilised for manufacturing of Whey powders and lactose while nearly 35% is utilised for Whey protein concentrate and permeate and the remaining 9% is used for Dimineralised products and blends. †¢ Approximately 80% of whey products are traded as commodity while 20% is traded as value added products. †¢ In global trade, USA ranks first in export of whey powders(19. 4% share) and China leads in import with 15. % share. (See the annexure containing list of ten major exporting-importing countries) †¢ Majority of key global whey processing companies are located in US and European union. (see the figure 1 on next page) 3. 2 Lactose Lactose is a very important constituent of whey . The total global production was 870000 MT which is expected to grow at the rate of 5-6 % annually. This is mainly used in pharmaceutical, bakery, confectionery industry and in the preparation of infant formula etc. The major global producers of lactose have been shown in the figure 2. Figure 1: Global Whey processing companies [pic] Figure 2: Global lactose producers [pic] The production and application pattern of lactose is different across different part of the world . This is evident from following pie diagram: Figure 3: Global Lactose Processors [pic] Figure 4: Application of Lactose in EU and US [pic] As far its global trade is concerned, USA still is the leader. The realisation from lactose has increased from $ 670 mn in 2004 to $ 1930 mn in 2006 mainly because of spurt in demand. Table 2: Global whey exporters and importers [pic] 3. 3 Global Price rise Over the years there has been a steep rise in the prices of whey products due to increase in demand. Following table will explain the change in the global prices over last years: Table 3: Global Prices (European Union) |Year |WP ($/lb) |WPC($/lb) |Lactose($/lb) | |2004 |0. 284 |0. 588 |0. 1875 | |2005 |0. 316 |0. 82 |0. 1925 | |2006 |0. 489 |0. 69 |0. 3075 | |2007(May) |0. 727 |1. 35 |0. 4 | Source: USDA, NASS, Dairy Market Report, 2007 As the whey from India is traded in the global market, so the price fluctuation decides the volume of business from India. Since the prices of WPC, WP and Lactose have increased substantially in last 2 years and more importantly in early 2007, therefore the profitability of the business has increased. When we consider the price fluctuation of Skim Milk Powder (SMP) and Whey powder with same protein then we find that there has been clear cut price appreciation in WP prices over SMP prices and the difference between per MT prices has in fact increased between these two commodities. Figure 5: Price of SMP and Whey proteins Source: www. fas. usda. gov In 2007, the price rise has been very fast as evident from following graph showing the variation. Figure 6: Global Whey powder prices w. r. t SMP in 2007 Source: USDA, NASS, Dairy Market Report, 2007 4. Indian Whey Industry Whey business in India has been in existence for last 15 years when Cepham Ltd and Mahan Protein started operation in 1992-1994. This business over the years has expanded in terms of volume and value and more Indian private companies have entered into this business. 4. 1 Structure of Whey business in India The structure of Whey Industry in India can be explained below: 4. 1. The nature of industry: Whey is a part of food industry. There are relatively small numbers of whey processing companies in India unlike milk processing companies. Also there are less number of bulk domestic buyers of whey based commodities in India. The production is mainly export oriented. 4. 1. 2 Government regulation: whe y poses environmental threat because of very high B. O. D and C. O. D level. There are environmental regulations framed by the government unlike SMP which has become prone to export ban. Whey powders are not exposed to export ban till now. 4. 1. 3 Type of producers: The whey processing companies are mainly the private Indian players. None of the Multi National Companies and Co-operatives have ventured into this field as they are operating in mass market and don’t want to enter into commodity market . However many global producers are now eyeing India as a potential manufacturing location because of the increased demand of whey products in the global market. 4. 1. 4 Cost and production considerations: The technology of whey processing is more sophisticated than that for traditional dairy products. Globally three generation products are manufactured from whey. These are listed below. These require different kind of technology. Processing technology and product details has been mentioned in the following table. Table 4: Product manufactured and technology used in whey Generation product |Product name |Technology used | |First generation |Whey powder, WPC 35,Lactose |Ultra filtration / Nano-filtration | |Second generation |WPC-80,DWP,Sweeteners,Minerals |Ion -Exchange | |Third generation |Whey protein fraction s, Lactose derivatives, |Chromatography, fractionation technology | | |WPH,WPI | | The cost of production mainly depends on the procurement price of raw material like milk and the availability of milk through out the year . Due to unavailability of milk throughout the year , the production in many plants are stopped during the lean period i. e. April- July. 4. 1. 5 Major whey processing companies in India: Whey business has not been a big industry in terms of quantity of milk processed. When we consider the quantity of milk processed by all the Indian companies the quantity of milk diverted for whey production is less than 1%. Currently there are mainly eight whey processing companies in India. The daily milk handling capacities and production capacities of these plants have been mentioned in the following table 5. Table 5: Major whey processing companies in India: Name |Milk handling |Casein |WPC-WP |Lactose | | |Capacity |(MT/Day) |(MT/day) |(MT/Day) | | |(lakh lts /day) | | | | |VRS Foods Ltd |15 |40 |20 |25 | |Mahaan Proteins |6 |15 |10 |18 | |Modern Dairies Ltd |10 |25 |15 |18 | |Dynamix Dairies Ltd |5 |8 |5 |8 | |Milk food Ltd |8 |15 |10 |15 | |Cepham Ltd |6 |14 |8 |12 | |Bhole Baba Dairy |10 |24 |14 |15 | |Crown Milk Spl. Ltd. |5 |10 |6 |0 | |Total |65 |151 |88 |111 | |Annual(2007 Estimate) |17793. 75 |33069 |19272 |24309 | Source: informal, ex-employees. Most of these companies are situated in the northern part of India and the main reason sighted was availability of milk in these areas. From the table it s very evident that VRS Foods, Sahibabad is the leader with 22% contribution in the total milk utilisation followed by Karnal based Modern Dairies with production concentration 16%. One of the key features of the whey industry in India has been its fast evolution. There were mainly 4 whey processing companies in India till 2005,which increased to 8 in 2007,most of which have started operation in late 2006. The reason of this expansion has been the increase in demand of the whey based products and rise in global prices of these products. The evolution and expansion of the whey industry in India will be clear from following graph. Figure 7: Expansion of whey industry in India Thus the expansion has been by 120% in last two years. Looking the lucre in the industry more companies are thinking to enter into this business. Some the companies which are thinking to enter into the business are: a) Anik ,Etah b) Hatsun Agro,Chennai c) Doiba Foods, Palwal d) Nectar,Pathankoth e) VRS Foods,Sahibabad:It is going to start its new by-product unit in Nasik. These companies are expected to add 40 lakh ltrs of milk to the existing industry volume by 2009. As already been mentioned, these plants are using the casein whey . Only Dynamix Dairies Ltd. , Baramati is using some cheese whey for manufacturing whey powders. 4. 1. 6 Major buyers of whey products in India The whey Powders, Lactose, Whey protein concentrates, Dimineralised whey Powders etc are mainly exported. However in India these are used by many pharmaceutical, dairy, bakery, confectionery companies etc. Some of the major bulk buyers include Nestle, Glaxo-Smithclime Beecham Ltd, Wockhardt Ltd, Novartis, Cadilla. There are small buyers as well but these are mainly in bakery and confectionery industry. WPC has been used widely in Ice-cream industry. Similarly Lactose and DWP are being used in infant formula and neutraceuticals. Exact volume of industry wise utilisation in India is not available. However it has been said by the industry people that most (approx. 75-80%) of Whey powders and WPC are exported but lactose is consumed locally in more quantity. 4. 1. 7 Entry and Exit barriers in whey business industry India Currently the Indian whey industry is running and expanding because of the rise in the global prices of these products. As per the views of the industry experts some of the entry barriers in whey business include: a) The availability of raw milk: As most of the dairy plants are already into different dairy products manufacturing, so they are able to procure most of the milk of that region. The new entrant will have to divert milk from the existing players. It will mean more prices to be paid to the producers. This unavailability of milk becomes a major entry barrier. b) High investment: As the whey processing plants require relatively more sophisticated plant and technology, therefore a large amount of investment has to be made. For example, most of the existing whey processing plants have invested around 70-100 crores for 10 lakh ltrs plant. This is a key barrier. This high investment also becomes an exit barrier as these equipments cannot be used for other dairy products. And coupled with the above reason, there are les numbers of people buying out the machineries. This further discourages the existing players to exit. The live examples are Mahaan Proteins Ltd. and Ceepham Milk Specialities Ltd, Derabassi which are finding it difficult to procure milk in sufficient quantity and simultaneously unable to sale it off for better price. 4. 1. 8 Product differentiation: Currently the whey based powders are traded in commodity markets. So there is no differentiation in terms of brand and specificity. However, there some companies like VRS Foods, are making specific products like 28% Dimineralised Whey Protein Concentrate for Nestle. 4. 1. 9 Location advantage: Most of the plants are situated in northern part of India particularly Haryana, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh. Some companies like VRS Foods have locational advantage as they are present in the area where milk production is maximum and there is no control of any co-operative and Multinational companies in terms of milk procurement. So, they are open to procure more milk at comparatively lower rate than in those areas where there are co-operatives and MNCs having firm procurement base. The locational advantage however does not help more in case of saving transportation cost as most of the manufactured products are meant for export only. 4. 2. Conduct of the whey processing companies in India As already mentioned, the Whey processing plants are operating in commodity market. So there is no advantage in terms of brands. The advantage however lies with respect to availability of technology. Some of the compaies like VRS Foods have dimineralisation facilities unlike others. The summary of the conduct of the whey processing companies can be represented through table 6 provided below. Table 6: Conduct of whey processing companies in India Name |Name of |Major selling |Any alliance |Future | | |Brand |activity | |Targets/Remark | |VRS Foods Ltd |Paras |Export, Nestle |Nestle-Production |Handling capacity to | | | | |Contract |increase by 6 lakh/Day | | | | |(28%DWPC, | | | | | |600MT/Month-Lactose | | |Mahaan Proteins |Mahaan |Export, |   |UF line revamped | | | |Wockha rdt, GSK, | | | | |Novartis | | | |Modern Dairies Ltd |Nulife |Export |Olam International |Handling capacity to | | | | | |increase by 5 lakh | |Dynamix Dairies Ltd |- |Export ,Nestle, |Olam International |- | | | |Pharmaceutical companies | | | |Milk food Ltd |Milk Food |Export |- |- | |Bhole Baba Dairy |Krishna |Export, |- |- | | | |Pharmaceutical companies | | | Thus from the table we get that Dynamix Dairies Ltd and Modern Dairies Ltd sells their products to Olam International. For lactose, however Dynamix has local agent situated in Mumbai. Other companies export on their own brand. VRS Foods, Modern Dairies and Mahaan proteins are already thinking of increasing their handling capacities. This is likely to be operational by next year. 4. 2. 1 Where are the whey products exported? As already been mentioned, most of the whey products are exported to various countries. The export has also increased drastically during last two years. The major exporting destinations have been listed in the following table. Table 7: Exporting destinations of whey products from India |Country Name |2004 |% share |2005 |% share | |KOREA RP |391 |72. 11% |279 |10. 30% | |Canada |97 |17. 88% |0 |0 | |Bangladesh |40 |7. 6% |0 |0 | |BAHARAIN |11 |1. 99% |3 |0. 13% | |Oman |2 |0. 43% |82 |3. 05% | |Sri Lanka |1 |0. 23% |0 |0 | |Thailand |0 |0% |0 |0 | |CHINA P RP |0 |0% |2,091 |77. 30% | |Japan |0 |0% |174 |6. 4% | |Malaysia |0 |0 |75 |2. 78% | |Total(000, USD) |542 |   |2704 |   | |Annual Growth (%) in export|398. 9 |   |   |   | Source: www. apeda. com From the above table we find that the major exporting destinations for India are china, Korea, Japan, Malaysia and Oman. There has been change in the contribution in export from different countries. China has become the main ex porting destinations with more than 77% share in total export in 2005. This is primarily because of the rise in demand for whey based products due to emphasis of china government on sports and upcoming sports events. 4. 3. Performance of whey business in India The performance of whey business in India could be understood through performance under following parameters: 4. 3. 1 Efficiency of production: Efficiency of production mainly relies on the consistent and regular supply of raw material mainly milk . It has been observed that in lean season there is unavailability of milk and therefore the plant runs at lower capacity and thus efficiency reduces. As per the comments of industry experts, the output has been more than 100 % during flush season when there is regular and sufficient supply of milk. 4. 3. Profitability: The profitability of whey business is highly dependent ion the global prices foe WP, WPC, Lactose and the procurement price of raw milk. Over last two years it has been very profitable as the price of milk has remained same and the global ; prices of the products have sky rocketed. The profitability ranges from 10-30 % depending on price fluctuation as reported by industry persons. 4. 3. 3 Size of industry output: The size of Whey industry has been estimated to be around 45000 MT in India in 2007which is expected to grow very fast. With respect to global scenario, the Indian whey industry is expected to grow at more than 20% over next 4-5 years. 4. 3. Technical progress: Currently India is manufacturing generation one whey products. There are some cases (VRS Foods) where ion exchange etc has been added which lead to 2nd generation products. But in next 4-5 years the concentration is likely to remain on the production of 1st generation product only. 4. 3. 5 Growth: The whey industry is expanding very fast. As been mentioned earlier the daily processing of milk is likely to rise from 65 lakh ltrs/day to 105 lakh ltrs/day in India. Thus the growth is likely to be 60% over 2007 by 2009 in volumes. Similarly the export is likely to increase by more than 75% in next two years. 5. Value added products of whey proteins Whey constituents are used in various areas ranging from bakeries, confectionery to health products like infant formula and protein supplements. Apart from these, the use ranges from a normal whey drink to whey protein based drinks. Protein supplements have been classified into two broad categories based on its manufacturer. These are: Pharma protein supplements and Non-Pharma Protein supplements . Pharma protein supplements are manufactured by pharmaceutical companies while Non-Pharma Protein supplements are manufactured either by a nutrition or food company. 5. 1. Pharma protein supplements market in India 5. 1. 1 Some of the key features of protein supplements made by pharmaceutical companies are: 1. These products are consumed by the recommendation of doctors mainly and in some cases the past experience related to product use is the force to purchase these products. 2. This is an organized market and the players are well established in the market. 3. These products over the years have also become Over the Counter (OTC) products. It has been found that brands like proteinex symbolizes all range of protein supplements. Table 8:Indian Pharma Protein Supplement market. |Year:2006-07 |Volume (Ton) |Value | | | |( US $ mn) | |Proteinex sales |4274. 941 |95. 0197 | |Protein supplement market-sales(estimated-2007) |15267. 65 |270. 6537 | |Annual growth rate of protein supplement category (%)|17 |   | |Annual growth rate of proteinex (%) |25 |   | |Market share of proteinex (%) |   |28 | Source: Source:www. eac. dk/eac_en/ir/pr/2002, www. wockhardt. co. uk Some of the major brands of protein supplements available in India have been listed below in the table. Table 9: Major brands of Pharma protein supplements in India Brand |Manufacturer | |Proteinex |Wockhardt | |Protenose |Allembic | |B-protein |Britishbiologicals | |Spert |Novartis | |Alprovit |Alchem | |GRD |Cadilla | |Ultrich |Wallace | |Promolan |Piramal | |Resource |Novartis | 5. 1. Distribution channel of Pharma Protein supplements in India As already been mentioned, the Pharma protein supplements market in India is organized in nature. To understand the value chain of these products the proteinex channel has been used. The table shown below explains the distribution channel of proteinex. Table 10: Distribution channel of Pharma protein supplements in India. |Channel |Price at different levels(Rs/200 gm proteinex*) |% Margin | |Manufacturer |68. 5 |20 | |Superstockist |68. 5+27. 5=96 |3 | |Distributor |96+4. =100. 1 |7 | |Retailer |100. 11+9. 59=109. 7 |20 | |Consumer |109. 7+27. 4=137 |0 | Source: Informal talks with retailers and wholesale dealers in Ahmedabad. 6. Non Pharma Protein Supplement mar ket: Current Scenario Non pharma protein supplements market in India is at nascent stage . This is relatively less organized market when we compare it with the Pharma protein supplements. Basically there are two kinds of Non-Pharma Protein supplements based on their place of manufacturing: 1. Domestic: Indian 2. Imported 6. 1. Imported Protein supplements As the name suggests these are manufactured mainly in countries of European Unions, USA, and Australia. 6. 1. 1 These imported protein supplements have following key features in Indian context: 1. These are premium priced. 2. In many cases, these supplements don’t have traceability in terms of their manufacturers and importing-exporting agencies. In some cases however it was found to have these information. 3. These products have high protein concentrates, mainly whey proteins. 4. There are sole whey protein supplements available in the Indian market. Whey protein ranges from 35 % to 100%. 5. These supplements are having packing size ranging from 2. 2 lb to 10 lb. 6. The final price in the Indian market is dependent on the retailer as it was found to be reprinted on the jars/containers. 7. These products do not have consistent supply as expressed by some of the distributors. 8. These products are mainly sold by the gym owners and dedicated protein supplement stores. These products are largely unavailable in medical stores and Speciality stores. However in some cities like Mumbai, some Modern Format Stores like Big Bazaar is keeping this product. 6. 1. 2 Major imported brands in India Globally some of the famous brands of Non-Pharma Protein supplements have been mentioned below: AST Sports Science, Beverly Internationa, Biotest, Champion Nutrition, Cytodyne, Cytosport ,EAS Gaspari ,Instone Nutrition, Labrada Nutrition, Met Rx, MuscleTech, Optimum Nutrition, Pinnacle ProLab ,SAN Nutrition, Twin Lab, Universal Nutrition, VPX Supplements. However not all of these brands are available in India. Some of the famous brands which are available in India are: Optimum,Prolab,Hercules,Muscletech,EAS,Universal,Labrada, Amway etc. It was observed that Optimum brand has maximum reach in terms of placement. These brands have different variants based on whey protein content, special ingredients like Branched Chain Amino Acid (BCCA), other essential micronutrients etc. 6. 1. 3 Distribution channel of Non-Pharma Protein Supplements The distribution channel of N-PPS could be understood through following figure Figure 8: Distribution channel of imported N-PPS [pic] Thus we find that there are mainly 6 channels of distribution. Based on the responses of the gym owners, retailers, distributors, Modern Format Stores employees, the margin available for the intermediaries is between 40-50%. This further increases when the prices have been reprinted on the product. It has been expressed by these intermediaries that the distributors have a margin of 15-20% while retailers have margin of 25-30 %. These retailers and gyms have higher margin based on the number of intermediaries in the channel, the less the number of intermediaries, the more the margins available. Thus for modern format store as a placement point, the margins available for sharing is around 40-45% ,from which they can give discounts to consumers up to 5-10 % . This trend was seen in Mumbai unlike other metropolitan cities such as Delhi. Similarly, in some medical stores these products were kept and the discount was not available to the consumers. These retail points were garnering 30% of the margin. 6. 2. Indian Non Pharma Protein Supplement market  : current scenario The Indian non-pharma protein supplement market is unorganised in nature . There are many small players operating in different regions of the country. It has been observed that these players are not able to reach different regions of India. These protein supplements have not become a brand in India. 6. 2. 1 Some of the important features of Indian Non pharma protein supplements are: 1. It is manufactured by local and very small players. 2. Prices are kept higher to give it quality product look. 3. The exact composition i. e. protein source, its concentration etc is not mentioned. 4. The manufacturing date, location etc are not mentioned. Labelling is a problem in many cases. 5. These products are strongly thought to be having very harmful side effects. 6. These products have very high margins. It has been observed practically that the margin ranged from 40-60% for the retailer on these Non-pharma protein Supplements. 7. These products are mainly sold in packing size of 500gms, 1 kg, 2 kgs and 5 kgs. 8. These products find good penetration in medical stores and gyms. But these gyms and stores are of relatively lower category. 6. 2. 2 Some of the major Indian brands of non-pharma protein supplements are: 1. Nutramen 2. Endura 3. Stamin 4. Bodyplus 5. ESN 6. Some brands owned by gym owners like Talwalkers. These are the gym chains. They manufacture protein supplements for their own consumers. 6. 2. 3 Distribution Channel of Indian Non-pharma protein supplements The existing distribution channel for Indian non-pharma protein supplements have been explained using following diagram. Figure 9: Distribution channel of Indian N-PPS [pic] From above diagram it could be understood that there are three channels of distribution unlike imported NPPS. The margin available for the intermediaries is around 40%. These products however are sold mostly through gyms and medical stores. Supplements stores have very little share in the total off take, the exact quantity not available. From the diagram it is also very evident that the margins available for the distributor is 15 %. In some cases when he himself becomes the retailer i. e. the gym owner then he has margin of 40% from which he also gives discounts to the consumers. 7. Survey analysis 7. 1. Gym Goers Some of the key findings of the consumer survey based on nine cities have been listed below: 1. Profile of the gym goers: these mainly belong to class A1, A2, B1 category of SEC (Socio Economic Classification). Although the age ranges from 15 yrs to 60 yrs but mostly the gym goers are between 20-40 yrs of age range. They are students (mainly), professionals, executives, government employees, housewives etc. These people wear sporty, reputed and contemporary outfit. 2. Category of gym goers: 65-70% of members are male and 30-35 % is females. In small cities however the % of females is slightly less (20%). 3. Joining health clubs and gyms has become one of the key options for the people to keep themselves fit. 4. Awareness about the whey protein supplements is not adequate. People are not able to differentiate between sports, health and fitness drinks. 5. Most of the consumers, gym trainers and dieticians surveyed responded that whey protein is the best protein. 6. The gym goers perceive the fear of harmful effects of protein supplements. They think that these contain steroids. 7. Protein supplement users: approximately 30-40% of the gym goers are the regular members. On an average the % of gym goers is 10-12% of the total members. 8. The average member size of gym ranged from 250 in Karnal to 757 in Mumbai. The average of all these cities being 524 members per gym. 9. The average gym density varied from 38000 in Anand to 75000 in Delhi. Gym density is the population of the locality divided by the number of gyms in that locality. The average is around 53000. 10. Around 0. 98% of the population goes to the gyms. 0. 37 % of the total population are the regular members of the gyms. 11. Average Per capita monthly consumption of protein supplement by the protein supplement users is 830 gms and the per capita monthly expenditure is Rs 1370. 12. The purchase from the influence of gym trainers is 63%. More is in case of smaller cities than the bigger cities. 13. The aggregate demand of the N-PPS in Urban India is 2383 MT having value 427 crores. 14. Consumers view superior and high protein content, absence of any side effects, presence of other essential nutrients and mass building capacity of the product as the key attributes of the product. Price, brand, taste, and packaging did not find significant importance. Powder was understood product format for them. 15. Most of the consumers completely agree with Amul brand signifying quality, value for money and easy availability. 16. Most of the consumers somewhat agreed with the fact that big companies can enter into the N-PPS business . But they agreed that Amul can become a leader. 17. Developing value for money product, creating awareness and identifying the right distribution channel will be the key for Amul to become market leader. 7. 2. Key findings from Retailers and distributors interview/interaction These are based on the qualitative interaction with the current intermediaries in the distribution channel of the N-PPS. 1. Most of the retailers indicated higher margin in absolute term being the motivation for placing these products in their stores. 2. It has been observed that the off take of the product is more from gyms and recommended stores. The recommendation actually playing significant role in product off-take. 3. Retailers were agreeing on the fact that side effect is the main concern for consumer. 4. A trusted brand is needed for these products to be consumed by more aspiring people. 5. Amul could be successful provided it offers the similar kind of incentives in absolute terms to the placement points like retailers-gyms, Stores etc. 6. How Amul Creates and spreads awareness will decide the penetration of the product. 7. Purchase from retail outlets like big bazaar is possible when consumers are aware of these products. 7. 3. View points of dieticians and the food scientists Based on the views of the scientists of reputed institutes like National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, the key factors which will decide the acceptance of these products will be development of products based on Indian likes (e. g. taste, flavour etc. and communication of these products to the consumers. The scientists expressed that the consumers must be educated about the whey protein being the best protein, and the convenience protein as it easily mixes into the blood. The dieticians at various gyms were acknowledging the fact that whey proteins are the best proteins. They also said that t he consumers are very anxious about the results. They expect quick results. Whey proteins because of very high Biological value produce fast result. Whey proteins can also be used for fitness and efficiency building. It can be used by fat and obese people. It not only compensates for their energy requirement but also provides lean muscle. Dieticians expressed that Body to Mass Ratio (BMR) is a very good indicator for protein requirement. 8. Estimation of Demand of Non-pharma protein supplements in India As already mentioned the Non-pharma protein supplement market in India is highly unorganised and very less secondary information is available in related to number of gyms, gym density, per capita NPPS consumption, market growth rate etc. Therefore primary research was done using consumer survey questionnaire, and checklist for retailers particularly gyms. Nine cities were taken into consideration. 8. 1. Following assumptions have been taken into consideration while estimating demand of NPPS in India: 1. The N-PPS are consumed mainly by the gym goers. 2. The list of the number of gyms available from internet and the number of gyms reported by the gym owners in each city were considered together. The former was given 30% weight and the later was given 70 % . The basic idea was to make an approximation based on the response of the gym owners, consumers and the available list. 3. The annual multiplication factor has been calculated based on the consumption pattern of protein supplements users. Generally a consumer uses the products for 7 months in a year. Around 20% of consumers leave the product in a month, while 80% continue for above mentioned period. Also 80% of the protein supplement users actually continue for 7 months. Thus multiplication factor = 0. 8*0. 8*7+0. 2*1=4. 68. 4. Average per capita monthly consumption of protein supplements (among users only) and their monthly expenses on it are the parameters used for demand estimation in terms of quantity and value. 5. The response of the retailers and gym owners regarding growth of the market has been considered for finding the average annual growth rate and using it for projecting demand for next 5 years. 6. The amount of N-PPS consumed is a mixture of 40 % and 70% whey protein powders. So, the final demand estimated will represent 55% whey protein containing N-PPS. Table 11: City wise demand estimation of N-PPS |Cities |Population |Number of gyms: | Listed gyms: |Estimated gyms |Gym density | |   |2007(approx. |response based |internet based |ratio:(70/30) |   | |Mumbai |19264521 |500 |214 |414. 2 |46510 | |Pune |4408248 |120 |71 |105. 3 |41864 | |Delhi |15095075 |250 |81 |199. 3 |75740 | |Gurgaon |1000000 |30 |   |21 |47619 | |Panchkula |200000 |12 |   |8. |23810 | |Chandigarh |900000 |40 |   |28 |32143 | |Karnal |200000 |10 |   |7 |28571 | |Ahmedabad |5304257 |100 |26 |77. 8 |68178 | |Anand |400000 |15 |   |10. 5 |38095 | |Total |46772101 |1077 |   |871. 5 |53669 | †¦ continued (table horizontally associated with next one) |Average gym |% of people |Avg monthly |Avg monthly |Supplement |Monthly | |goers/gym |going gym |consumption(gm) |budget(Rs) |user/gym | consumption(MT) | |757 |1. 63 |825 |1750 |74 |25. 14 | |580 |1. 39 |733 |1400 |65 |4. 99 | |471 |0. 2 |925 |1540 |59 |10. 90 | |467 |0. 98 |733 |1233 |65 |1. 00 | |367 |1. 54 |600 |850 |48 |0. 24 | |450 |1. 40 |1250 |1500 |39 |1. 37 | |250 |0. 88 |750 |1550 |40 |0. 21 | |450 |0. 6 |950 |1300 |33 |2. 40 | |500 |1. 31 |700 |1200 |40 |0. 29 | |524 |0. 98 |830 |1369 |   |46. 55 | Table 12: Demand estimation of N-PSS of top 35 cities of India |Population |Number |Total Population- |% representation |Representative |Annual |Annual | |20L-40L |5 |14329950 |13. 6 |Gurgaon, |83. 5 |117238752 | | | | | |Chandigar h | | | |40L-80L |5 |30816617 |31. 52 |Ahmedabad, |109. 7 |190222388 | | | | | |Pune | | | |>80L |3 |49839421 |68. 94 |Delhi, |244. |485241953 | | | | | |Mumbai | | | |Total |35 |126885770 | |Red bull |Energy |47 | |Monster |Energy |12 | |Rock star |Energy |11 | |Gatorade |Sports |85 | |Powerade |Sports |13 | |Lucozade |Sports |1 | In India however very few global brands like Red bull, Power House and Gatorade are available. 10. Demand Estimation of Sports and Fitness drinks in India 10. 1. Following features of sports and fitness drinks consumer could be used to estimate the demand of these drinks: 1. These are consumed by relatively rich class and upper middle class people. 2. Sports drinks are popular among 15-30 yrs while Fitness drinks popular among 30-60 yrs people. 3. These are sporty in nature and try to adopt the sporty culture very fast, so they like to wear brands related to sports. 10. 2. U. K sports drink market The U. K sports drinks market was estimated to be of 110 mn ltrs in 2006 by Zenith international, a market research agency. Per capita annual consumption has increased from 0. ltrs in 2000 to 1. 8 ltrs in 2006. Following graph shows the Per Capita Consumption of Sports Drinks in U. K. Figure 12: Per capita consumption of sports drinks in U. K [pic] The growth in per capita consumption can be understood from following diagram. Figure 13: Growth of U. K sports drink market [pic] From the a bove diagram it is quite evident that the growth rate was very high initially around 2000-02 but it declined in subsequent years and almost remaining constant at 13-14%. This pattern could be used to further project the demand. 10. 3 Some of the assumptions being made for demand calculations are: 1. The pattern of consumption of U. K has been used as an indicator. 2. Adoption of sporty culture has been considered as a comparing parameter. 3. Per Capita annual Income of U. K people has been used to identify the potential consumer. 4. The relationship between Per Capita annual Income and Per capita annual consumption has been used to find out demand for similar kind of Indian consumers. 5. Urban population has been considered only. 10. 4 Steps followed 1. The relationship between PCI and PCC for U. K consumer is estimated using simple regression analysis. The relationship was significant and the model was robust. The relationship obtained is: PCC (Ltrs) =-2. 51175+0. 00123PCI (PPP) 2. The segment of population having comparable income to PCI of U. K is found out from secondary data available at www. ncaer. org. The PCI data is converted from nominal to PCI -PPP (Purchasing Power Parity) in dollar terms using 1$ =Rs 42 as conversion factor. 3. Conversion factor for PCI (nominal) to PCI(PPP)=Current PCI (PPP) of In dia/Current PCI(nominal) of India=$4031/$885 =4. 55 4. The Urban population belonging to age group 15-30 yrs and 30-60 yrs has been taken from www. censusindia. net . For both the population 0. 6 multiplication factor has been used assuming all males and only 20% of the females as the customers. 5. The adoption of sporty culture has been calculated from the responses of the consumers while conducting consumer survey. The brands like Nike, Adidas, and Reebok have been used for this purpose. 50% of the consumers were of this category. So to the total consumers estimated in step 4, 0. 5 has been multiplied to obtain the potential customers. 6. By using the relationship in step 1 and Income from step 2, PCC of sports drinks can be calculated. This has been multiplied by the number of potential customers obtained in step 5. This will give the total demand of the sports and fitness drinks. Following table shows the demand of Sports and Fitness drinks in Urban India. Table 14: Calculated Demand of SFD in India [pic] 1. Amul Capabilities To understand whether Amul could be able to tap this lucrative market, following capabilities have been analysed: 1. Availability of raw materials-whey 2. Technical capabilities. 3. Marketing capabilities. 11. 1. Availability of raw materials-whey Currently the sources of whey for Amul are: Paneer, Shrikhand and Cheese. Following table shows the current availability of the whey for Amul. Table 15: Sources of whey in Amul [pic] As mentioned in the above table, the annual growth rate for cheese, paneer and shrikhand demand could be used to project the availability of whey in next five years. Based on following information the gap between the availability of whey and its demand could be estimated: 1. One Kg of whey protein could be obtained from 143 kgs of liquid whey as liquid whey has 0. 7% whey protein. 2. The sports and fitness drinks will have 5% whey protein. 3. The average whey protein concentration of the N-PPS demand calculated is 55%. Figure 14: The future projections of Whey production in Amul [pic] Following table shows the aggregated gap between the availability and total demand of whey protein based sports and fitness drinks and N-PPS. Table 16: Estimation of gap between the production of whey and demand of whey based substances (N-PPS/SFD).    |Lakh ltrs |Lakh ltrs |Whey proteins |Demand- |Whey protein |Equivalent | | | | | |NPPS | | | |Year |per day |Available |available(MT) |55% (MT) |Content |Whey(Lakh ltrs) | | | | | | |(MT) | | |2007 |2. 19 |658 |461 |2374 |1306 |1865. 3 | |2008 |2. 91 |872 |610 |2843 |1564 |2233. 8 | |2009 |3. 88 |1164 |814 |3419 |1 880 |2686. 4 | |2010 |5. 21 |1562 |1094 |4130 |2272 |3245. | |2011 |7. 03 |2109 |1477 |5011 |2756 |3937. 2 | †¦ (Continued horizontally) |SD/FD |Total Whey Required |Difference |% Whey availability | |(lakh Ltrs) |(Lakh ltrs) |(Demand-Supply)-MT | | |67 |1932 |1274 |34 | |163 |2397 1525 |36 | |285 |2972 |1808 |39 | |438 |3683 |2121 |42 | |628 |4565 |2456 |46 | Thus the whey available is able to meet around 35% of the total demand of N-PPS and SFD. 11. 2. Amul Technical Capabilities: Size of the Whey processing plant Amul currently does not possess any whey processing plant. As there is availability of whey already, to operate efficiently i. e. leverage upon economies of scale it will have to divert some milk for whey production. It has been observed that the whey processing plant in India is having handling capacity between 5-10 lakh ltrs per day . The capital investment on these plants have been from 60-100 crores. Assuming the plant of capacity 10 lakh ltrs/day, the amount of whey generated will be 67% i. e. 6. 7 lakh ltrs. So the initial difference would be 4. 5 lakh ltrs of whey i. e. 6. 7 lakh ltrs of Skim milk (S. M). Assuming Amul to capture share of 50% of current demand, the capacity required after 5 years hence will be around 8 lakh ltrs of whey i. e. 12 lakh ltrs of S. M. So ideally the plant handling capacity could be 12 lakh ltrs per day. Table 17: Realisation from By-product plant at current market price.    |Qty(Kg) |Price(Rs) |Total(Rs) | |Skim Milk (S. M) |100 |13 |1300 | |Casein |2. 7 |350 |945 | |Whey protein-35 |2. 00 |250 |500 | |Lactose |3. 40 |100 |340 | |Realisation on S. M | | |485 | |% Realisation on S. M | | |37 | |All other [email  protected]% | | |325 | |Net realisation | | |160 | |% Net realisation | | |12. 31 | For 10 lakh ltrs milk per day or assuming 300 working days, the net realisation will be Rs 48 crores. The investment made on the plant is around Rs 120 crores for 10 lakh ltrs plant. Return on capital employed would be=48*100/120=40%. Currently Amul has two facilities for product development: 1. Vidya Dairy ,Anand 2. Khatrej Cheese Plant 11. 3. Marketing capabilities of Amul For product like Protein Supplements and sports and fitness drinks it is very important to assess the marketing capabilities before launching the product as these products require non-conventional distribution channel and promotion activities. 11. 3. 1 Analysis of Amul as a brand It is very important to understand the popularity of Amul Brand among the potential customers. This will indicate the acceptance of Amul products. The analysis included consumer survey. The consumers were asked the question what Amul is known for. The responses were scaled from 1 to 7, 1 being ompletely disagree, and 4 being neither agree nor disagree and 7 being completely agree. The responses have been summarised below. Table 18: Amul as a brand |Features of Amul brand |Mean |Median |Mode |Remarks | |Quality |6. 15 |6 |6 |Strongly Agree | |Fair Price |6. 08 |6 |6 |Strongly Agree | |Value for money |5. 93 |6 |6 |Strongly Agree | |Amul market leader |5. 5 |6 |6 |Strongly agree | |Availability of product |5. 59 |6 |5 |Strongly Agree | |Big company entry |4. 2 |4 |4 |Don’t agree | |Amul fit into sports nutrition |5. 3 |5 |5 |Somewhat agree | |Amul capability |5. 28 |5 |5 |Somewhat agree | |Existing Distribution/Branding |4. 53 |5 |6 |Somewhat agree | From above table it is evident that most of the consumers strongly agreed that Amul is known for its quality, value for money, fair price, and availability of products. Amul can become market leader is well accepted by the consumers. However the challenge lies in fitting the Amul brand into sports nutrition and identifying suitable distribution channels for such products. The consumers also hinted that by creating awareness this problem could be sorted out 2. Market entry strategy for Amul It has already been identified that the whey business is highly lucrative both as a commodity and in mass market. However sustenance of profitability with less risk lies in mass market. Amul should take the advantage of being the first mover into this category in India . It can leverage upon its brand. The market entry will include following marketing decisions: †¢ Market segment †¢ Target customers †¢ Positioning †¢ Product, Price, Place and Promotion related decisions. 12. 1 Market segmentation: The market for these products i. e. Non-Pharma Protein Supplements (N-PPS) and Sports and Fitness drinks (SFD) could be segmented on the basis of age, location, lifestyle, income, household category etc. The segmentation for N-PPS has been shown in the following table. Table 19:Market segmentation for N-PPS [pic] Similarly the segmentation for SFD consumers could be done as follows. Table 20: Market segmentation for SFD. Age group |15-30 yrs for sports drinks,30-60 yrs for Fitness drinks | |Sex |Male/female, mainly male | |Place |Urban | |Profession |Upper middle class, Rich class | |Occupation of the head of the family |Middle to senior executives, Professionals | |Household category |A1,A2 | |Clothes and sports |Reputed, branded, s porty | |Culture |Westernization | 12. 2. Target segment This is very important as it gives idea about those customers which have maximum potential to purchase these products. To accurately identify the target customers for N-PPS, Discriminant analysis (see below) was done . The results show that those customers who have very high Value for Money (VFM) are most likely to buy these products. So the target customers for N-PPS will be 20-25 years old, gym- goer males. [pic][pic] Eigen value, Wild’s Lambda and significance were 0. 71, 0. 58 and 0. 00 respectively which shows that the model is robust. Here 1 and 2 signify those customers who will buy and will not buy Amul products respectively. Initially the target customers for SFD will be high income category gym going p