Free Essays on Three Strikes Law

The Three Strikes Law is Lost in a Dessert The ‘three strikes’ law has proven to be inadequate. It requires a huge amount of money to keep it in effect, while it mostly strikes non-violent criminals and causes early release of hard-core criminals. Thus, the law is ineffective when it comes to controlling the rates of real criminals or decreasing the rise of violence. The ‘three strikes’ law more often accrues for a minor felony. People go to prison for much less. Often there is no violent crime at all and they are struck out. The statistics have shown that more than half of the ‘three strikes’ offenders are non-violent criminals that have been taken for only theft and drug or tobacco use. Putting them in jail for life takes room for real offenders. With limited prison space, many violent felons who have only been convicted once or twice are being let out to make room for many non-violent three strikers. Letting out more serious and violent offenders for non-violent offenders increases the cost to society, since they are more likely to commit more violent and serious felonies than the non-violent three strikers. Thus, the law is inappropriate by engendering an influx of prisoners to an already overflowing prison system and an unbearable financial burden. The ‘three strikes’ law requires millions from taxpayers’ money to keep it in effect. Millions of dollars are spend to care and house prisoners. â€Å"Each prisoner serving a 25-to-life sentence cost the state about $500,000 over his or her lifetime. The annual cost of housing 29,000 non-violent second- or third-strikers is $632 million.† ( Los Angeles Times ). While, one third of the prisoners jammed into prison are those who are sentencing second- or third strike. The public is not really as concerned about minor felonies or even residential burglaries as it is about truly violent crimes. It does not want to pay for keeping non-violent criminals ... Free Essays on Three Strikes Law Free Essays on Three Strikes Law The Three Strikes Law is Lost in a Dessert The ‘three strikes’ law has proven to be inadequate. It requires a huge amount of money to keep it in effect, while it mostly strikes non-violent criminals and causes early release of hard-core criminals. Thus, the law is ineffective when it comes to controlling the rates of real criminals or decreasing the rise of violence. The ‘three strikes’ law more often accrues for a minor felony. People go to prison for much less. Often there is no violent crime at all and they are struck out. The statistics have shown that more than half of the ‘three strikes’ offenders are non-violent criminals that have been taken for only theft and drug or tobacco use. Putting them in jail for life takes room for real offenders. With limited prison space, many violent felons who have only been convicted once or twice are being let out to make room for many non-violent three strikers. Letting out more serious and violent offenders for non-violent offenders increases the cost to society, since they are more likely to commit more violent and serious felonies than the non-violent three strikers. Thus, the law is inappropriate by engendering an influx of prisoners to an already overflowing prison system and an unbearable financial burden. The ‘three strikes’ law requires millions from taxpayers’ money to keep it in effect. Millions of dollars are spend to care and house prisoners. â€Å"Each prisoner serving a 25-to-life sentence cost the state about $500,000 over his or her lifetime. The annual cost of housing 29,000 non-violent second- or third-strikers is $632 million.† ( Los Angeles Times ). While, one third of the prisoners jammed into prison are those who are sentencing second- or third strike. The public is not really as concerned about minor felonies or even residential burglaries as it is about truly violent crimes. It does not want to pay for keeping non-violent criminals ...

Pronouncing the Decimal Comma in Spanish

Pronouncing the Decimal Comma in Spanish Its pretty much as you might have guessed: In casual usage, you can pretty much follow the convention of English, except that instead of saying something like three point two five, you can use the Spanish word for comma, which is coma: tres coma dos cinco. International Standard of Using Decimal Commas The international standard is to use a comma in numerals where English would use a decimal point. But the Royal Spanish Academy does recognize use of the decimal point (or period) when used by Spanish-speaking people in English-language countries, and in those parts of Latin America (such as Mexico) where English-language influence has led to use of the decimal point. In those areas, 3.25 can be pronounced as tres punto dos cinco. A more formal way of pronouncing the same number, and one that doesnt depend on how it is written, is tres enteros y veinticinco centà ©simos (the y is often omitted), the equivalent of three and twenty-five hundredths. (Entero is used to refer to whole numbers.) Youll hear some speakers use cà ©ntimos instead of centà ©simos to refer to hundredths in this context. The number could be rounded down to 3,2 (or 3.2 in parts of Latin America), which would be tres coma dos or tres enteros y dos dà ©cimos (three and two-tenths).

Feminist Analysis of TV Show 30 Rock Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Feminist Analysis of TV Show 30 Rock - Essay Example This factor threatens male egocentricity. Feminine perceptions are more humanistic. This is manifested in the show 30 Rock and its popularity. Feminists with Marxist perceptions would place emphasis on the manner in which the social systems and motivations of capital gain have hindered the humane feminist values from coming to light. Feminists with a radical perspective would conclude that the subduction of this feminist approach is a result of male egocentricity. This is also due to society's insistence of sexual orientation, rather than making allowances for individual freedom of choice. There is also the insistence of the perception of the consumption oriented nuclear family. Feminists who maintain a liberal perspective perceive things in a different light ( Kaplan : 252). The feminine perspective is essential to the male dominated society as demonstrated by the relationship between Liz (Tina Fey) and Jack (Alex Baldwin). There exists the possibility of interchanging sexual identi ties. In order to totally become human, different perspectives must be adapted. The American television series 30 Rock, demonstrates the interchange of roles between masculine and feminine genders. Prior to the 1990s, during the era of 1963- 1980, females were only portrayed as sexual objects or for the fulfillment of masculine needs. The sexual objects and need fillers were put into place in order to fulfill the masculine requirements and desires. This resulted in the feminist desire to eradicate this type of subduction (Kaplan : 253). There are three categories of feminist, each with a specific motivation and objective ( Kaplan :252). The feminist perspectives which were popularized in the 1990s are still popular today. The first category of feminist evaluation and research requires that the members of the female gender be treated as peers. This venue has two possible outcomes. One approach may conclude with domesticated feminism. This is representative of feminine roles of the ni neteenth century. The second possible outcome of this venue is a liberal female female perspective, which is more representative of the present. From my feminist perspective, Liz (Tina Fey) is the embodiment of both. In the liberal feminine perspective, females are allowed to vie within the institutional framework for equal rights to employment and self determination. This requires that the female be perceived as a peer. This perception by society includes the rights and obligations of equal treatment. This perspective has resulted in the American male adopting the roles in the household which would be normally classified as feminine such as cooking, cleaning, babysitting (Kaplan: 254). A primary type of feminine role perception exists in Diana Meehan's Ladies of the Evening: Woman Characters in Prime Time Television. The second category of feminine television production is viewed by the â€Å"pre- Althusserian Marxist† feminist perspective. This perspective perceives televis ion as an extension of capitalist society. These theorist propose that television interests are founded upon the manipulation of the television viewer as a consumer Kaplan: 257). A third category of feminist evaluation arises from the radical feminist perspective. In this perspective, the female gender is perceived as superior. Liz (Tina Fey) perceives herself as superior, she does not need a relationship with a man. Liz (Tina Fey) can get things done by herself.

Male and Female Sexual Images and Portrayals Essay

Male and Female Sexual Images and Portrayals - Essay Example This "Male and Female Sexual Images and Portrayals" essay outlines the usage of sexuality of both genders in advertisement. The whole point of sexually idolizing the males and females in advertisement is for subliminal advertisement purpose where the sexual image is unconscious in an individual’s mind but it drives them to purchase the product being advertised in future or as soon as one sees the advertisement. The consumers purchase in order to look like the sexy male or female in the advertisement or intend to get such a sexy male or female as a companion once they have the product. This subliminal advertising is common in beauty products or other products such as cars. The sexual idolization of male and female in advertising is not bound to end soon. According to advertisers, the trend in fact is headed towards more â€Å"steamy† sexual idolization and this has already begun in some magazines. Some of the gender exclusive magazines such as playboy have product advertisements with completely nude photographs of models or celebrities. These images are meant to induce sexual fantasies to the target population driving them to purchase the products in large numbers, remain faithful to the brand and even advertise the products to their friends and colleagues through the word of mouth and by showing them the magazine photos. There is increased cut throat competition in each industry with each company trying to assign itself a position by outdoing each other and this is where innovative, creative and sexualized advertisements comes in.

Personality Assessments Essay Example for Free

Personality Assessments Essay Psychologists use the method of personality assessments to test personalities. Testing personalities is much like testing intelligence and because it measures something that is intangible and invisible it can be quite the difficult task. There are different theories of personalities and different methods of assessing those personalities; however some methods of assessment are shared between theories. The four theories are psychodynamic, humanistic, trait and social learning and all have different roots. The methods of assessment are projective tests, personal interview, objective tests, and direct observations. The projective tests consist of simple ambiguous stimuli that can elicit an unlimited number of responses. The personal interview is used to obtain information from the person being interviewed and can be structured or unstructured. An objective test is generally a written test that is administered and scored according to a standard procedure. Usually the tests require simple yes or no responses or for one answer among many to be chosen and are widely used. Direct observation observes a person’s actions in everyday situations over a long period. To assess the psychodynamic theory the methods of projective tests and personal interviews is used. To assess the humanistic theory objective tests and personal interview are used. To assess the trait theory objective tests are used. Social learning theory is assessed with the use of interviews, objective tests and observations. Direct observation observes a person’s actions in everyday situations over a long period. To assess the psychodynamic theory the methods of projective tests and personal interviews is used. To assess the humanistic theory objective tests and personal interview are used. To assess the trait theory objective tests are used. Social learning theory is assessed with the use of interviews, objective tests and observations.

Essay --

The Juvenile Justices System: How Does It Really Work For Our Girls? Girls become delinquent for many different reasons then boys based on biological, social and cultural differences in each gender. From hormones and brain development, to the child’s upbringing by families, to the way girls are expected to act in public compared to boys; a different set of circumstances exists for the reasons why girls become delinquent compared to boys. Siegel, (2007, p.174) explains this by stating. â€Å"There are indications that gender differences in socialization and development do exist and that they may have an effect on juvenile offending patterns.† Girls react differently to most situations, so it’s important to take gender into consideration when evaluating a youth’s past. For example, peer and romantic relationships often have opposite effects on young girls and boys. While boys are less likely to be involved in criminal activity when in a romantic relationship, girls tend to commit more offenses. Girls are also more likely to be afflicted with mental health disorders than boys, because of the numerous differences between male and female juvenile offenders, the ways that they need to be treated should be different as well. According to a study done by the Girls Justice Initiative, 89% of the 118 attorneys and 61% of the 97 judges interviewed across the county agree that girls in the juvenile justice system do not receive adequate services. This report offers best practices starting from how to communicate with girls when first enter to the juvenile justice system to how to best serve them after they leave in ord er to reduce recidivism rates and address the circumstances that led to their incarceration. (Bolton, 2012) Boys an... ... family time, have an open and honest communication line and never be afraid or embarrassed to seek out aid from professionals in your school, community and neighborhood. By doing some of these little things, you prevent the negative socialization that can lead to deviant behavior, at the same time you will model good behavior and keep those biological and psychological factors at bay so that you have time to deal with issues before they become real problems. As the current information exists, both boys and girls are racing towards delinquency faster and faster and though it may be a tie between the genders, the girls may be pulling in front of the boys. In any event, there are way too many participants in the race and we as parents and members of society need to help in reducing the number of racers in the sprint towards juvenile hall and ultimately adult prison. Essay -- The Juvenile Justices System: How Does It Really Work For Our Girls? Girls become delinquent for many different reasons then boys based on biological, social and cultural differences in each gender. From hormones and brain development, to the child’s upbringing by families, to the way girls are expected to act in public compared to boys; a different set of circumstances exists for the reasons why girls become delinquent compared to boys. Siegel, (2007, p.174) explains this by stating. â€Å"There are indications that gender differences in socialization and development do exist and that they may have an effect on juvenile offending patterns.† Girls react differently to most situations, so it’s important to take gender into consideration when evaluating a youth’s past. For example, peer and romantic relationships often have opposite effects on young girls and boys. While boys are less likely to be involved in criminal activity when in a romantic relationship, girls tend to commit more offenses. Girls are also more likely to be afflicted with mental health disorders than boys, because of the numerous differences between male and female juvenile offenders, the ways that they need to be treated should be different as well. According to a study done by the Girls Justice Initiative, 89% of the 118 attorneys and 61% of the 97 judges interviewed across the county agree that girls in the juvenile justice system do not receive adequate services. This report offers best practices starting from how to communicate with girls when first enter to the juvenile justice system to how to best serve them after they leave in ord er to reduce recidivism rates and address the circumstances that led to their incarceration. (Bolton, 2012) Boys an... ... family time, have an open and honest communication line and never be afraid or embarrassed to seek out aid from professionals in your school, community and neighborhood. By doing some of these little things, you prevent the negative socialization that can lead to deviant behavior, at the same time you will model good behavior and keep those biological and psychological factors at bay so that you have time to deal with issues before they become real problems. As the current information exists, both boys and girls are racing towards delinquency faster and faster and though it may be a tie between the genders, the girls may be pulling in front of the boys. In any event, there are way too many participants in the race and we as parents and members of society need to help in reducing the number of racers in the sprint towards juvenile hall and ultimately adult prison.

Brand Analysis †Louis Vuitton Essay

User Image Consumers are stylish, fashionable, aware of designer’s brands and look for quality and after sales services. Most of the users are mature (25+), female, working population with stable financial background. There is an increasing number of young LV users, who are fashionable trend-followers. LV users are usually less price-concerned. LV products are frequently used by the rich and famous, celebrities, models all over the world. Occasion Image LV produces series of leather goods for the business world, including briefcases, organizers, palm-cases†¦ all could be easily found in business meetings and offices. LV luggage could be found in Airport all over the world. Personal accessories like handbags, wallets, shoes, and clothing by LV are used by the celebrities in fashion shows, PR events, social gatherings†¦. Distinctive from Competitors The Competition In the challenging luxury market, LV faces quite a number of competitors. Hermes, Chanel, Gucci, Ferragamo and Prada are main competitors of LV. Just like LV, all of these international brands have their outlets around the world. Positioning We are living in an age of access to an incredible amount of product, consumers are no longer brand loyal to companies, and they want to know how the product will benefit them. To satisfy the potential customers, LV is promoting its image that provides consumers with added benefits on top of the practical use of its products. A person purchase a piece of the Louis Vuitton luggage, he is not only purchasing a piece of luggage, but prestige and style. Consumers buy LV luggage not just because they need luggage, but they want people to think that they are wealthy and stylish because this is the perception that Louis Vuitton sells with its luggage. It works because LV advertises its luggage as an exclusive line, not everyone can have it. To stand out from its competitors, LV positions itself as the leader for luxurious luggage. This could be seen in the advertising in magazines LV uses to communicate with their customers. And in the LV web page, a â€Å"Guide for the cosmopolitan traveler† is included, offering useful information to help prepare for international trips. Travelers can check out time differences, currency conversion tables, clothes sizes and measurement conversion charts, as well as useful addresses in the world’s major cities. Authenticity LV’s strength is the worldwide known good service to customer, its good quality for value and new designs. LV’s products safety exceed the requirements globally. Replicability A lot of the LV products are illegally replicated, but due to the unique canvas used for production; none of the fakes could achieve the quality and standard of the originals. Reassurance After using LV products, consumers are reassured of the good quality and value-for-money as promised by the advertising and promotions. Experience & Differentiation Consumers use and experience LV products, feel the difference between LV and other brands, lead to the differentiation of LV from the competitors. Consumer To the Louis Vuitton consumers, a LV handbag isn’t just a handbag, it’s a Louis Vuitton. Consumers will generally pay more for the LV name brand because it signifies some extra quality besides a handbag. LV products are appealed to people who would like themselves to be stylish,  and want others to think that they are fashionable, they want to differentiate their tastes from others and try to do so by purchasing LV products. Consumers were not looking so much to buy the non-brand products as everyone else. Instead, they looked to brands to help make a clear statement about their own identities. Consumers buy LV products are not just looking for quality and after sales services, they want people to think that they are wealthy because they can afford a pair of luxurious Louis Vuitton shoes. Suggestions More Distinctive from the Competition Louis Vuitton was very successful with consumers. It benefited from strong local in Japan, Europe and the US. This continued demand is due to the new products created by designer Marc Jacobs and the sustained quality of all Louis Vuitton products. To be more distinctive from the competition, Louis Vuitton may consider concentrating its business model to production of leather goods only. As most of the competitors are doing many business other than only leather goods. If LV could concentrate on leather goods production alone, it could become not just the leader, but the specialist of producing different leather goods. More Appealing to Consumers Branding and Lifestyle advertising is becoming increasingly popular because advertisers are trying to revive the idea of brand loyalty. To make LV more appealing to the consumers, here is also the idea: to make some products of the brand available only in small quantities, by limiting its production of certain products from time to time, or producing special edition of the same handbag in different markets, LV products could become  even more premium. This can satisfy the consumers who want to differentiate themselves from other LV users. LV could even create a trend for collection of limited edition LV products by the consumers.

Labeling and Discrimination Essay

Theory is the criminal process. It is the way people and actions are defined as criminal. The one definite thing that all â€Å"criminals† share is the negative social reaction as being labeled as ‘bad†. Law-abiding society often shuns the offender causing them to be stigmatized and stereotyped. The negative label applied to an offender often shapes their self-image and often leads them to live up to their newfound identity by committing acts that are more criminal. Edwin Lemert described this as being secondary deviance caused by primary deviance. The self-concept identifies two major theoretical perspectives. The first concept being that deviant labeling may subsequently influence deviance by altering a person’s self-worth. The role of self-dynamics and symbolic reaction amplifies negative expectations of society. The second concept focuses on social structure aspects of exclusion of offender’s by blocked access to structural opportunities. Matsudo, 1992) This ultimately becomes discrimination for people labeled by society as â€Å"criminals†. â€Å"Felon† is a label that is given to ex-offenders by society that confirms the degrading status that accompanies conviction. This is labeling. An offender is discriminated against because society views them as being â€Å"bad†. In short, a â€Å"felon† is a legal outlaw and social outcast. Not all the good that a person may have done previously suddenly matte rs and society assumes that there is nothing but despicable traits left in this person’s character. Their integrity is lost forever. Society assumes that â€Å"felons† cannot change and it becomes a struggle to be given a second chance to prove that people can, and do change, if the will to do so is there coupled with the tools needed to achieve a crime free life are also. The stigma attached to â€Å"felons† is so great that most opportunities for education, employment, and housing are not easy to obtain. These opportunities (tools) are often blocked because the offender has a criminal conviction. If society wants a lower crime rate then it seems that these opportunities should be available to individuals in this category. In order to rehabilitate individuals there must be a way for them to raise their self-image and seek out a crime free life. A sense of self-pride and achievement for many offenders could be the turning point in life needed for them. In turn, the crime rate would decrease. (Bodwitch, 1993, Freeman, 1991, Hagan, 1991, Link, 1982, Sullivan, 1989) These peoples are no less human or equal than any other except that they have made a mistake. Our society has somehow decided it to be acceptable to treat this group of people, and there are more than two million in the United States, as outcasts, undeserving of housing, employment, or education. Society has decided that â€Å"felons† should not only serve the sentence given as punishment for their crime, they should be punished for the rest of their lives. This seems very unfair and cruel. In my opinion, we as a nation should be not be discriminating against this group of people, but instead should be giving them equal opportunity to be educated so that they can obtain employment to support themselves and their families. They should have the same opportunity to live in adequate housing just as the rest of society does. This would be a step in the right direction to help increase the self- image that has been shattered by labeling and possibly deter any behavior by responding to this labeling by continued criminal activity as a means of defense, adaptation, or by attacking back at society. (Bernberg) Education is the first step to rehabilitating an offender. Many offenders do not even have a high school education. Some cannot read or write. In order to obtain gainful employment sufficient to support one’s self or a family, they must have at least a basic education. If not, some form of crime will be used to compensate for the lack of income provided by employment. In order to be employed by any company you must have a high school diploma or a GED certificate. Denying education is a form of discrimination to suppress a group of people from gainful employment. Employment is one of the hardest things for an offender to obtain. Employment applications ask for any convictions to be listed. If an offense is not listed on the application, it can be a reason for termination. Anyone that does choose not to disclose their convictions runs the risk of losing benefits from years of employment such as their retirement benefits and/or medical coverage. More often than not, if an offense is listed on the application it will be a disqualifying factor for consideration of the position. Even if the offense does not disqualify the applicant the mere fact that there are so many people looking for work that the applicant without any previous convictions will probably be placed ahead on the qualifying list for employment. Most employers view a â€Å"felon† just as the rest of society does. They do not want a person of this character working for them because they may view them as being dishonest, or they might even be frightened of the â€Å"felon†. This practice of asking for convictions on employment applications is also a form of discrimination. It greatly reduces the possibility of gainful employment for â€Å"criminals† by asking for this information. The past convictions of a person does not have any bearing on whether or not they are the best qualified applicant for the position offered by a company. If any person is denied employment and has no way to support himself or his family, that person will ultimately turn to some form of crime in order to do so. The offender will adapt and live up to societies expectations of them. If this type of discrimination stops, there is a possibility that more offenders will conform to the expectations of society and rehabilitate into productive citizens, thus, decreasing crime in our communities. Another area of discrimination for offenders is the housing market. Society does not want anyone with a â€Å"criminal† past living in their community among them. An offender can have a conviction that is over twenty years old and still be denied housing in many communities such as mobile home parks, apartment complexes s, private rentals, and even from some home loans. Some communities will not allow anyone with any type of criminal history to live there. A person could have had their offenses dismissed by the court and still be denied because of the accusation alone. Many of the government programs offered to help low-income people are not available to anyone with a felony. A â€Å"felon† is automatically disqualified from receiving any help from government programs. Offender’s often end up living in communities that are offered by â€Å"slum lords† in areas that have a bigger crime rate than in other areas. This practice of discrimination could lead to offenders falling back into committing criminal acts because other criminals surround them, thus, reinforcing a negative self-image possibly leading to a return to criminal activities. If society continues to accept the criminology theory it will continue to cause social problems for both the community and the offender†. Labeling is a stepping stone in the development of criminal careers. †(Benrburg) This social problem ruins people’s lives and creates a pattern of recidivism. The goal of society should be to try to find ways to decrease crime, not condone p ractices that will potentially increase crime. Everyone deserves a second chance in life to correct the mistakes that have made. If society was as quick to give a second chance, as it is to label and condemn someone for their mistakes, we could possibly rehabilitate a good number of offenders into productive citizens. Our nation could even possibly decrease the crime rate at the same time. None of the other practices of the criminal justice system seems to be working very well, maybe an approach of removing the barriers blocking education, employment, and housing might make a positive difference.

The Alchemist Essays

The Alchemist Essays The Alchemist Paper The Alchemist Paper Love in Time of Cholera by Gabriel Garcia Marquez and The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho. Magical realism in other words, is combination of magic and existent events written in a book. Alchemy is also a combination of magic, and science which main goal is to convert less valuable metals to gold or silver. By definition, alchemy is a way of studying and experimenting with matter that includes elements of chemistry, philosophy, and spirituality. Before the development of modern chemistry, alchemists tried to understand the changes they saw in metals and other materials that were exposed to fire and acids. People today still practice alchemy, but modern alchemists primarily seek spiritual transformation, and base their studies on philosophy. †(1) The process of trying to make gold or silver out of cheaper metals is called transmutation. This process was practiced by almost one-hundred percent of all alchemists ever known in history. Alchemists and metal-smiths used similar techniques as well, but alchemists often saw themselves as trying to speed up or perfect the work ings of nature. Some alchemists searched for the philosophers stone, which they thought could greatly speed up the transmutation process. Many alchemists believed that they could perfect and purify materials only if they themselves were spiritually perfected and purified in the process. Ancient societies in Egypt, India, and China practiced alchemy. Egyptian writers produced a number of written works on alchemy from approximately 200  B. C. to A. D. 200. Scholars in Arab built on these works from the 640’s to about 1200 A. D.. When alchemy reached Europe around 1100 A. D. t grew rapidly, especially in noble courts. At its peak in the 1600’s, a number of famous scientists practiced alchemy, including Robert Boyle of Ireland and the very famous, Isaac Newton of England. In the late 1700’s, many educated people began to ridicule alchemy as pseudoscientific, or falsely claiming scientific merit, and deceptive. Alchemists based their ideas on the ancient Greek belief that matter co nsists of four elements: water, earth, air, and fire. Alchemists also believed that all metals could be reduced to a single type of matter, thus being able to transform into each other. In the 700’s, Arab alchemists thought that the qualities of all metals could be explained through sulfur, a well known element which burns in hot fires, and mercury, a liquid at room temperature that has a metallic shine. In the early 1500s, the Swiss physician Philippus Paracelsus, thought that sulfur, mercury, and salt gave metals their distinctive qualities, thus able to distinguish each and every one of them. Alchemy played a key role in the development of modern day science. The theories of alchemy gave rise to a modern chemical theory and something interesting, or eye catching, to learn about. Modern experimental techniques developed from such alchemical practices as studying nature in a laboratory, observing experiments and keeping records, other wise known as data, and measuring the ingredients and products of chemical reactions. Alchemy plays a huge role in the novel, The Alchemist, in such a way that, in the prologue there is an alchemist that picks up a book that someone in the caravan had brought. He begins to leaf through the pages and finds a story about Narcissus. The alchemist knew the legend of Narcissus, a young child who knelt daily beside a lake to contemplate his own beauty. One morning, he was so fascinated with himself that he fell into the lake and drowned. At that very spot were he fell in a flower grew, which was called the Narcissus. When Narcissus died the goddess of the forest appeared at the lake, she asked the lake if Narcissus was really beautiful. The lake said that it did not know because it was too busy staring into Narcissus’s eyes to view it’s own beauty. The story is what sets up the excitement of the novel. During the novel, a boy named Santiago was having dreams about a hidden treasure, and seeks a gypsy for help. She is the first one Santiago consults about his dream. She is mysterious and yet religious as can be attested by the Sacred Heart of Jesus picture on her wall. She tells Santiago that because it was a child who took his hands in the dream and led him to the pyramids, so he must go. However, before she tells him anything, she makes him promise that he will give her one-tenth if he finds his treasure. Some people who were associated to alchemy were gypsies. Many gypsies were involved in basket making, copper work, and the mending of China ware. The term gypsy has several overlapping meanings. Initially the word was used to refer to the Romani People, who appeared in England at about the beginning of the 16th century. † (3) In the book, the gypsy Santiago encountered, was some what of a fortune teller. She would, or tried to decide someones fate, or destiny. Historical gypsies, or true Romany, tended to go from door to door selling pegs and fortune telling. True Romany fashioned anything from wood and excelled in palmistry and astrology. They also learned to travel the highways and byways from place to place selling products of trade. Another gypsy trait was the involvement in the planets natural gifts. Most gypsies relied on roots, berries, vegetables, green foods and nature’s herbs for medicine. Gypsies believed that all of nature’s products all contained a direct message from the sun. Along with environmental remedies for medicine gypsies use organic materials to make simple spells and rituals which they believe harness the power of nature and the elemental spirits. Though many gypsies perform these spells, most Romany people would profess a belief in an official religion of the country, which is why many are born-again Christians, they try to teach us to take the joy in the moment. Fate is something that unavoidably befalls a person. It is the universal principle or ultimate agency by which the order of things is presumably prescribed. † (2) It is basically something that is out of your hands, something that the lord will only control. By relating different terms that are related to the novel The Alchemist our understanding of the novel should be more clear. Magical realism, alchemy, gypsies, and fate can relate to each other by many different ways. Although they don’t have many themes in common it is possible to transmit the purpose and the relations about them. We don’t really know how the work of fiction is going to end but we hope that all the variety we found in these terms would reflect on the novel. (1) Alchemy. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 18 Jan. 2011. Web. 26 Jan. 2011. . (2) Fate. Collins English Dictionary Complete Unabridged 10th Edition. HarperCollins Publishers. 26 Jan. 2011. Web. 26 Jan. 2011. . (3) Gypsy. Dictionary. com Unabridged. Random House, Inc. 26 Jan. 2011. Web. 26 Jan. 2011. . (4) â€Å"Magic Realism. † Alberto Rios Definitions. 23 May. 2002. Web. 26 Jan. 2011.

Education Vocabulary for English Learners

Education Vocabulary for English Learners Learn English vocabulary related to education to use when discussing various subjects at university. Words are categorized into different sections. Youll find example sentences for each word to help provide context for learning.   Subjects Archaeology - Archaeology explores humanities past civilizations.Art - Art can refer to painting or to to arts in general such as music, dancing, etc.Business studies - Many students choose business studies in these times of globalization.Dance - Dance is an elegant art form which uses the body as a brush.Drama - Good drama can move you to tears, as well as hold you in suspense.Economics - The study of economics might be useful for a business degree.Geography - If you study geography, youll know which country is located on any continent.Geology - Id love to know more about geology. Ive always wondered about rocks.history - Some believe that history is much older than we are led to believe.home economics - Home economics will teach you how to run an efficient home on a budget.Foreign (modern) languages - Its important to learn at least one foreign language in your life.Math - Ive always found simple math easy.Mathematics - The study of higher mathematics is required for a computer pro gramming degree. Music - Understanding the biography of great composers is an important part of studying music.Physical education - Children up to the age 16 should be encouraged to participate in physical education classes.Psychology - The study of psychology will help you understand how the mind words.Religious education - Religious education will teach you about the wide variety of religious experiences.Science - Science is an important part of a well-rounded education.Biology - Biology will help you learn how human beings are put together.Chemistry - Chemistry will help you understand how earths elements affect each other.Botany - The study of botany leads to an understanding of different types of plants.Physics - Physics explains how the real world functions.Sociology - If you are interested in understanding different cultures, take a sociology class.Technology - Technology is found in almost every classroom of a typical school. Exams Cheat- Dont ever cheat on a test. Its not worth it!Examine - Its important to examine all the evidence when drawing a conclusion.Examiner - The examiner makes sure nobody at the test cheats.Examination - The examination should last three hours.Fail - Im afraid I might fail the test!Get through - Peter got through to the fourth grade.Pass - Dont worry. Im sure youll pass the test.Take / sit an exam - I had to sit a long exam last week.Retake - Some professors allow students to retake tests if theyve done poorly.Revise for - Its a good idea to revise for any test you take by reviewing your notes.Study for - I need to study for a quiz tomorrow morning.Test - What time is your mathematics test today? Qualifications Certificate - He earned a certificate in computer maintenance.Degree - I have a degree from the Eastman School of Music.BA - (Bachelor of Arts)  She earned her BA from Reed College in Portland, Oregon.MA - (Master of Arts) Peter wants to take an MA in business.B.Sc. - (Bachelor of Science) Jennifer is working on a B.Sc. with a major in biology.M.Sc. - (Bachelor of Science) If you earn a M.Sc. from Stanford, you wont need to worry about getting a job.Ph.D. - (Doctorate Degree) Some people take years to finish a Ph.D.Diploma - You can earn a diploma to add to your qualifications.   People Dean - Alan is the dean of faculty at that school.Graduate - Hes a graduate of the local university.Head-teacher - You should speak to the head teacher.Infant - Some parents put their infants in day-care.Lecturer - The lecturer in law was very boring today.Pupil - Good pupils dont cheat on tests.Student - A good student takes notes during a lecture.Teacher - The teacher will answer any questions you have.Instructor - Hes an instructor of computer science at the high school.Undergraduate - The undergraduate had a great time at college.

Money, Banking, and Financial Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Money, Banking, and Financial Markets - Essay Example In this article, I will analyze the current money neutrality and the creation of reserve without money creation as per the central banking systems. Money neutrality Numerous economics students have been taught the theory of money neutrality and its effect on how people consider the issue of monetary policy. The implications of money neutrality may be summarized as follows: in the long run, the growth of money ought to be neutral in its impact on the production growth rate and ought to affect the inflation rate. The earliest canonical works on the neutrality of money stated the superiority of monetary policy regulations that enabled the participants in the market to envisage the future money supplies. There were no debates in these abstract models for the necessity of an institution like a central bank that may be used to take the actions to apply a policy based on rules (Cecchetti 42). There were also no differences identified between the central bank’s liabilities and money. Theoretically, the gap between the inflation variables and the central bank variables (M1 and M2) are under the transmission mechanism, which is a monetary theory. The Federal Reserve utilizes the open market to withdraw or inject commercial bank reserves. The banks then create money through money multiplier. In a nutshell, banks react to the injection of extra reserves by developing loans that are financed with monetary liabilities like savings deposits and checking (Cecchetti 104). The money multiplier calculates the final adjustment in the supply of money that would be caused by a certain change in the monetary base. Irrespective of the money multiplier value, as long as it is stable, a certain percentage increase in the monetary base would cause a similar percentage increase in money. Therefore, the theory of money multiplier is a brief means of tying a policy rule under the central bank control with inflation and money. Creation of reserve without money The application of the c oncepts of the money multiplier and money neutrality have made a number of Federal Reserve observers argue that the present financial crisis has been caused by the possible result of inflation. For instance, the Financial Times, Martin Feldstein argued that when the economy starts to recuperate, the Federal Reserve will have to lessen the stock money and prevent the high volume of excess reserves in the banks from creating credit and money explosion. The negative money multiplier may be explained by liquidity creation. For instance, from 1981 to 2006, the average credit market assets that the US financial institutions hold have increased by $ 32.3 trillion. Commercial bank reserves that have been held as deposits by the Federal Reserve had reduced by $ 6.5 billion within the same period (Cecchetti 56). In 2006, the total commercial bank reserves in the Federal Reserve were only $18.7 billion. This amount was less than the equivalent amount that was held in banks, in 1951. It is quit e clear that not only have the financial institutions depended on a rise in reserves held at the Federal Reserve to increase credit they have also increased credit by 744 percent as the reserves diminished. Therefore, the subsidiary money multiplier of the augmented bank reserves has been either irrelevant or highly negative. The following figure indicates the

Constructivism in the Classroom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Constructivism in the Classroom - Essay Example Constructivism has been defined by researchers and educators in numerous ways. With a history that can be traced to the days of Socrates, Constructivism has become an important learning technique for all students. Jacqueline Grennon Brooks in her book Concept to Classroom Interviews (1999) states that ‘as long as there were people asking each other questions, we have had constructivist classrooms. Constructivism, the study of learning, is about how we all make sense of our world, and that really hasn’t changed’. ‘The concept of constructivism has roots in classical antiquity, going back to Socrates’s dialogues with his followers, in which he asked directed questions that led his students to realize for themselves the weaknesses in their thinking. The Socratic dialogue is still an important tool in the way constructivist educators assess their students’ learning and plan new learning experiences†¦ in this century, Jean Piaget and John Dewey developed theories of childhood development and education, what we now call Progressive Education, that led to the evolution of constructivism. According to William J. Matthews, a professor in the School Psychology Program of the School of Education at the University of Massachusetts, ‘there are numerous variations and definitions of post-modernist thought of which constructivism is a subset (e.g. , radical constructivism, social constructivism, and deconstructivism). However, Piagetian constructivism is a subset of a larger historical challenge to modernist notions. of objective reality in general and the use of empirically validated methods of teaching specifically'. As Jacqueline Grennon Brooks and Martin G. Brooks state, 'Constructivism is basically a theory - based on observation and scientific study - about how people learn. It says that people construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world, through experiencing things and reflecting on those experiences. When we encounter something new, we have to reconcile it with our previous ideas and experience, maybe changing what we believe or maybe discarding the new information as irrelevant. In any case, we are active